1. Quotation, Paraphrase, Summary, Plagiarism How to Properly Use and Cite Sources

2. Definitions Quotation: Quotation: Is an exact duplication of a portion of a source, enclosed in quotation marks Is an exact duplication of a portion of a source, enclosed in quotation marks Paraphrase: Paraphrase: Reproduces the content of the original in your own words Reproduces the content of the original in your own words Summary: Summary: A condensed paraphrase that expresses only the principle points of the original A condensed paraphrase that expresses only the principle points of the original Plagiarism: Plagiarism: Failure to document a quotation, paraphrase, or summary Failure to document a quotation, paraphrase, or summary

3. Integrating Quotation, Paraphrase, Summary Always introduce quotations, paraphrases and summaries Always introduce quotations, paraphrases and summaries Use an introductory phrase with the name of the author included Use an introductory phrase with the name of the author included Example: Example: In Letters from America, Rupert Brooke characterizes Toronto as a “brisk,” largely British city having the usual urban mixture of wealth and poverty (80). In Letters from America, Rupert Brooke characterizes Toronto as a “brisk,” largely British city having the usual urban mixture of wealth and poverty (80).

4. Rules for Quotation Quote accurately: Quote accurately: Reproduce the quotation exactly ― including its spelling, capitalization, and punctuation Reproduce the quotation exactly ― including its spelling, capitalization, and punctuation If you omit or change anything, indicate the changes If you omit or change anything, indicate the changes [ ] if you change a word/phrase [ ] if you change a word/phrase … (with a space before and after) if you omit a word/phrase) … (with a space before and after) if you omit a word/phrase) You may omit or change the concluding punctuation to fit the quotation into your own sentence You may omit or change the concluding punctuation to fit the quotation into your own sentence

5. Rules for Quotation Short quotations (less than 4 lines of your essay) go in quotation marks and are included in the body of your text Short quotations (less than 4 lines of your essay) go in quotation marks and are included in the body of your text When quoting more than one line of verse, use a slash (/) with a space before and after to mark the line endings: When quoting more than one line of verse, use a slash (/) with a space before and after to mark the line endings: “Five years have passed; five summers, with the length / Of five long winters” (Wordsworth, “Tintern Abbey” 1-2). “Five years have passed; five summers, with the length / Of five long winters” (Wordsworth, “Tintern Abbey” 1-2).

6. Rules for Quotation When quoting a prose passage of more than three lines, start a new line and indent from the left margin double what you indent your paragraph When quoting a prose passage of more than three lines, start a new line and indent from the left margin double what you indent your paragraph Do not indent right margin Do not indent right margin Double space the quotation (as you are the entire essay) but do not add quotation marks that are not part of the quotation itself Double space the quotation (as you are the entire essay) but do not add quotation marks that are not part of the quotation itself After the quotation leave 2 spaces before the citation After the quotation leave 2 spaces before the citation

7. Rules for Quotation After the quotation leave 2 spaces before the citation: None of them knew the colour of the sky. Their eyes glanced level, and were fastened upon the waves that swept toward them. (Crane, “The Open Boat” 918)

8. Rules for Quotation When quoting more than three lines of verse, start a new line and indent from the left margin double what you indent your paragraph When quoting more than three lines of verse, start a new line and indent from the left margin double what you indent your paragraph Do not indent right margin Do not indent right margin Double-space the quotation (as you are the entire essay) Double-space the quotation (as you are the entire essay) Preserve the original line endings and the original spatial arrangement of the lines as much as possible Preserve the original line endings and the original spatial arrangement of the lines as much as possible If the passage begins in the middle of a line, type it that way If the passage begins in the middle of a line, type it that way

9. Rules for Quotation If the passage begins in the middle of a line, type it that way: These beauteous forms, Through a long absence, have not been to me As is a landscape to a blind man’s eye: But oft, in lonely rooms, and ‘mid the din Of towns and cities, I have owed to them In hours of weariness, sensations sweet… (“Tintern Abbey” 22-27)

10. Rules for Paraphrase Give clear credit to the source at the beginning of the paraphrase Give clear credit to the source at the beginning of the paraphrase Paraphrase will usually be a little shorter than the original, but need not be Paraphrase will usually be a little shorter than the original, but need not be

11. Rules for Paraphrase Do not use significant words and phrases from the original without putting them in quotation marks Do not use significant words and phrases from the original without putting them in quotation marks If using three or more words in a row from the original, put them in quotation marks; not to do so is plagiarism If using three or more words in a row from the original, put them in quotation marks; not to do so is plagiarism

12. Rules for Summary Give clear credit to the source either at the beginning of the summary or in the end citation Give clear credit to the source either at the beginning of the summary or in the end citation Do not use significant words and phrases from the original without putting them in quotation marks Do not use significant words and phrases from the original without putting them in quotation marks If using three or more words in a row from the original, put them in quotation marks; not to do so is plagiarism If using three or more words in a row from the original, put them in quotation marks; not to do so is plagiarism