2. NATO was signed on April 4, 1949. (Saari 202)Headquarters in Brussels, Belgium.

3. Countries involved: United States Canada Italy Portugal Belgium Denmark Luxembourg Spain Turkey France Germany Netherlands Greece Iceland Norway United Kingdom (W. Book 471)

4. N.A.T.O. was set up to discourage an attack by the Soviet Union on the non-Communist nations of Western Europe Also, it was set up to keep the peace among former enemies in Western Europe (W. Book 471). December 1967 meeting of NATO adopting policy of deterrence.

5. N.A.T.O. was the 3 rd prime U.S. foreign policy legacy of the Truman administration It was also the 1 st Cold War organization to outdo Europe (Rice 17-18).

6. Each member country agreed to treat an attack on any other member as an attack on itself. NATO’s policy is know as deterrence. (deter-means to discourage) (W. Book 471)

8. Civilian Branch and Military Branch

9. Meets on several levels-heads of government, ministers, or permanent representatives The chairman of the council is NATO’s secretary- general

10. European Command Atlantic Command Channel Command ww.infoplease

11. Is under the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR). Covers land from the North Cape to the Mediterranean sea and from the eastern border of Turkey to the Atlantic Ocean. Wesley Clark (Current SACEUR)

12. Territory from the North Pole to the Tropic of Cancer and from the coast of North America to the coasts of Africa and Europe. Is under the Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic (SACLANT). Headquarters at Norfolk, VA.

13. Covers the English Channel and the southern area of the North Sea. The Canada-United States Regional Planning Group organizes the overall operations of NATO and the defense of North America.

14. NATO Warsaw Pact

16. Albania, East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria signed the Warsaw Pact with Russia On May 14, the Soviet Union started the Warsaw pact that created what was called the Eastern Block of the USSR

18. The countries originally met in Warsaw, Poland but were later headquartered in Moscow Soviet Union and Communist nations of Eastern Europe formed their own military alliance to oppose NATO

19. Democratic uprisings in Warsaw Pact nations were heavily controlled by the communist Soviet Union One goal was to oppose NATO countries and discourage attacks from them

20. The Soviet Union controlled the nations with an “iron hand” Moscow dictated everything and sometimes the countries involved in the pact didn’t know what they were suppose to be doing or what they were involved in themselves

21. Albania (withdrew in 1968) Bulgaria Romania Czechoslovakia East Germany Soviet Union Hungary Poland

22. The Pact and the Soviet Union weakened when nations started an unstoppable democracy movement The remaining nations in the pact, as of 1990, dismantled in July 1991

24. Dealing with NATO- ”Its very existence was a major step in the institutionalization of the Cold War,” says Michael Kort. Dealing with NATO and the Warsaw Pact- ”Each sought leadership in reassembling the world order; each sought to build up its own sphere of influence; each was driven by an ideology and a sense of righteousness,” says Mary Beth Norton.