1. Toddlerhood

2. What’s going on at 2 and 3? Developmental Tasks
Elaboration of locomotion - followed by and
Language development
Fantasy play
Self control

3. What is “play?”
Play, according to Jean Piaget (1951): “actions that are an end in themselves and do not form part of any series of actions imposed by someone else or from outside.”

4. Go and play… How did you feel while playing?
Did your feelings change over the course of the time?
What did you notice about your thinking?
Was your imagination engaged? 
What occurred socially?

5. The Importance of Play It allows for development in:
Cognitive domain
Physical domain
Social domain
Some structure, more unstructured is appropriate
Parallel, rather than interactive, play is more frequent.
Fantasy play is prominent

6. Self control - http://www. youtube. com/watch
Self control refers to the child’s ability to control her impulses and attain his goals.
Emotion regulation helps facilitate these abilities.
Infants began to develop emotion regulation skills through caregiving interactions.
Comforting physical contact
Soothing sounds
Elimination of stimulus causing discomfort

7. Helpful Parenting Guidelines
Culturally consistent parenting
Warm and responsive
Consistent, age appropriate limits
Inductive

8. Some unhelpful influences on emotion regulation (The Role of the Family Context in the Development of Emotion Regulation. Social Development; May2007, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p , 28p)
PARENTAL RESPONSES
Punitive response to emotion is correlated with escape and revenge seeking
Minimization of emotions leads to avoidance as a coping strategy
Dismissive or negative response is correlated with increased anger in the parent/child interaction
Problem-focused responses help kids develop ER strategies

9. Facilitating toddler self control
Teaching empathy/Increasing sensitivity to others
Perspective taking
Role modeling
Discipline should be:
Clearly linked to unwanted behavior
Short duration
Rational
Consistent
Use of language
Talk about the emotions
Modify them through distraction or explanation
Give suggestions on how to manage them
Model ways of responding to emotions
Reinforce prosocial behavior

10. Problem solving Read the “Lilly” scenario
Do a go-round with each person contributing an observation of the scenario
Discuss adult responses that would promote emotion regulation
Link adult responses to strategies from lecture
Plan an activity you could have parents do to develop skills to promote emotion regulation

11. Emotion-coaching John Gottman on Speaker’s Forum
Emotion coaching
What is it?
Benefits in adult relationships?
Benefits for child development?
Questions provoked?
Criticisms provoked?

12. Parenting Styles & Characteristics- What are some thoughts/beliefs you have about effective parenting?
Baumrind’s formulation of parenting styles-Demandingness & Responsiveness
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Permissive, democratic-indulgent
Permissive, rejecting-neglecting

13. 2. PARTheory: Parental Acceptance-Rejection Theory-Roehner
An intercultural approach-400 studies in 60 nations
Acceptance and rejection are defined in culture-specific ways.
Perceived rejection is emphasized
Four behavioral patterns
Warmth/affection
Rejection
Cold/unaffectionate
Hostility/aggression
Indifference/neglect
Undifferentiated rejection

15. Acceptance is linked with:
Higher self-esteem
Psychological independence
Trust
Positive world view

16. In groups, design a toy or an activity
Consider the “developmental milestones,” paying attention to the changes over the two years of toddlerhood.
You may focus on one domain or several.
Incorporate 3-5 milestones.
Be prepared to explain how the toy/activity will promote development of a toddler.