1. Dr Alessio Patalano Department of War Studies alessio.patalano@kcl.ac.uk Temple University Japan 02 April 2010

2. Dr Alessio Patalano Department of War Studies alessio.patalano@kcl.ac.uk  International Minimalism  Cold War Bilateralism  Contemporary ‘Ad Hoc’ Multilateralism  Conclusions

3. Dr Alessio Patalano Department of War Studies alessio.patalano@kcl.ac.uk The development of a profile as a regular contributor to international military operations is not a question of ‘if’ it will happen but of ‘how’ it will happen.

4. Dr Alessio Patalano Department of War Studies alessio.patalano@kcl.ac.uk  Realist Approach (Minimalist)  Maintaining Independence  Economic Development  International Status  Bilateral Diplomacy (Anglo-Japanese All.)  Regional Primacy (Imperial Quest)  ‘Reluctant’ Multilateralism  ‘Regional’ Interventionism  Localised Wars (Northeast Asian Theatre)  Limited ‘Out of Area’ Deployments

5. Dr Alessio Patalano Department of War Studies alessio.patalano@kcl.ac.uk  Realist Approach (Minimalist)  Maintaining Independence  Economic Development  Normative Framework  Bilateral Diplomacy (US-Japan All.)  Wider Security Umbrella  Sea Lanes Defence  Development of Military Power  ‘Ideological’ Interventionism  East-West Confrontation (1962 Ikeda visit to Europe)  International Pacifist Movements

6. Dr Alessio Patalano Department of War Studies alessio.patalano@kcl.ac.uk  Realist Approach (Minimalist)  International Status  Economic Security  Normative Framework  ‘Ad Hoc’ Multilateralism  Regional Security  Sea Lanes Defence  Testing Military Power  ‘Ad Hoc’ Interventionism  Non-traditional Security Threats  Limited ‘Out of Area’ Deployments

7. Dr Alessio Patalano Department of War Studies alessio.patalano@kcl.ac.uk  Continuity in the Approach  International Status  Economic Security  Strengthening of Existing Trends  Regional Security  Sea Lanes Defence  Regional Power, Global Player  Trans-national Threats  Limited ‘Out of Area’ Deployments

8. Dr Alessio Patalano Department of War Studies alessio.patalano@kcl.ac.uk Japan’s security reach is progressively moving beyond the alliance’s horizon and greater autonomy is likely to be pursued within ad hoc spatial and functional contexts. Above all, international engagement will continue to be functional to Japan’s ability to secure its immediate regional surroundings.