1. Basic Refrigeration, Its Components, and Its Cycle
Mingledorff’s, Inc.
Basic Refrigeration, Its Components, and Its Cycle

2. Introduction to Refrigeration
Refrigeration: Cooling to preserve products and provide comfort.
Types of Refrigeration Processes
High Temperature - Air conditioning (comfort cooling)
Medium Temperature - Food preservation (keeping product cool)
Low Temperature - Food preservation (freezing of the product)

3. What is Refrigeration? Remember: Heat flows from warm to cold.
The process of transferring heat from a place where it is not wanted to a place where it makes little or no difference.
Remember: Heat flows from warm to cold.

4. One ton of Air Conditioning = The removal of 12,000 Btu per hour.
How Do We Rate Air Conditioning Equipment?
One ton of Air Conditioning = The removal of 12,000 Btu per hour.

5. Four Major Refrigeration System Components
The evaporator
The compressor
The condenser
The metering device

6. The Four Major Components

7. The Evaporator A heat exchanger to absorb heat
Evaporator coil - used to absorb heat from the conditioned space or product
Located on the low side of the sealed system between the metering device and low side of the compressor

8. The Evaporator
Operates at temperatures colder than the medium passing across the coil
Absorbs heat by boiling a low temperature liquid to a low temperature vapor
Metering device feeds liquid refrigerant into the evaporator. Under standard conditions, the mixture coming into the evaporator is 75% liquid and 25% vapor

9. The Evaporator
Superheat - the heating of a vapor above the refrigerant saturation temperature
Superheat ensures that no liquid returns to the compressor
Design evaporator superheat ranges from 8 to 12 degrees F
Superheat is determined by subtracting the evaporator's saturation temperature from the temperature of the outlet of the evaporator

10. The Evaporator

11. The Compressor
Pumps heat laden vapor from the evaporator to the condenser
The compressor reduces the pressure on the low side of the system
The compressor increases the pressure on the high side of the system

12. The Compressor
Most common types of compressors used are the reciprocating, the rotary, and the scroll
Positive displacement compressors require that the compressed gas be moved into the condenser or damage will occur

13. The Compressor

14. The Compressor

15. The Condenser
Rejects sensible and latent heat from the system that was absorbed by the evaporator and the compressor
Located on the high side of system

16. The Condenser
The heat is released from the refrigerant in the condenser causing it to change state from a high-temperature, high-pressure vapor to a high-pressure high-temperature liquid
Condensing temperature is determined by the system's head pressure

17. The Condenser
The condenser normally subcools the liquid at the end of the condenser
Subcooling is lowering the temperature of a liquid below saturation
Standard air cooled condensers are designed to subcool the liquid by a minimum of 10 degrees F below the saturation temperature
Amount of subcooling is determined by subtracting the outlet temperature of the condenser from the condenser saturation temperature

18. The Condenser

19. The Refrigerant Metering Device
Controls the flow of subcooled liquid refrigerant into the evaporator
Orifice Metering Device-Creates a pressure drop between the high side and low side of the sealed system
25% of the liquid leaving the metering device turns to vapor called flash gas

20. The Refrigerant Metering Device

21. The Refrigerant Metering Device

22. Low Side/High Side

23. The Refrigeration System
COMPRESSOR
LOW PRESSURE VAPOR
LOW PRESSURE LIQUID
HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID
HIGH PRESSURE VAPOR
LIQUID
REFRIGERANT
RECEIVER
EVAPORATOR
CONDENSER TX
VALVE
ACCUMULATOR
OIL SEPARATOR
DRIER
SOLENOID
SIGHT
GLASS

24. Now, Lets Play
Lets Put What We Have Learned and Apply It To The Refrigeration Trainer