1. The Protestant Reformation
Chapter 10, Lesson1
EQ: What conditions can encourage the desire for reform? .

2. Academic Vocabulary (pg. 178)
Christian Humanism
Salvation
Reform
Protestant Reformation (PowerPoint)
Indulgence
Lutheranism

3. Breakdown of Denominations

4. Christian Humanism
Classical learning and ideas of “individualism” spreads to northern Europe = Christian Humanism
Christian humanists believed they could improve themselves by using reason
They wanted to reform the church

5. Early Reformers Jan Hus (1369-1415)
He wanted Bishops elected and not appointed by Pope.
He was outspoken, but he was burned at the stake for his beliefs.
Lived in Bohemia (Modern Day Czech Republic)
Eucharist (Catholic Sacrament commemorating the Last Supper by consecrating bread and wine)
The last words of John Hus were that, “in 100 years, God will raise up a man whose calls for reform cannot be suppressed.” Almost exactly 100 years later, in 1517, Martin Luther nailed his famous 95 Theses.

6. Early Reformers Cont… Erasmus (1466-1536)
“Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched.”
Committed to reforming the Church from within.
Christianity should teach how to live good lives, not how gain salvation (get to heaven)
Catholic Church needed to return to simpler days of early Christianity
Worshipping relics (saints) not important

7. What is the Protestant Reformation?
Protestant Reformation- a religious movement in the 1500’s that split the Christian church in western Europe and led to the establishment of a number of new churches.
People grew displeased with the churches…
Financial Corruption
Abuse of Power
Immorality

8. What helps the Reformation?
Printing Press
Books are now available to the masses not just the rich! (Faster production=cheaper books)
People have access to books whenever they want them.
Johannes Gutenberg
Like the Kindle or Nook to early modern Europeans.
A single Renaissance printing press could produce 3,600 pages per workday, compared to forty by hand-printing and a few by hand-copying.
Printing Press = 3,600 pages per workday
Hand Printing = 40 pages per workday

9. What happens to spark the Reformation?
Pope Leo X needs money to build St. Peter’s Basilica…so he sells indulgences!
Indulgences- were pardons issued by the pope that people could buy to get out of purgatory = (People could buy forgiveness)

10. Martin Luther
Luther was a German monk and professor of theology (religion) at the University of Wittenberg.
One of the many leaders of the Protestant Reformation.
Luther objected to a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel that "As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs."
Luther translates the Bible to German and believes that people should be able to interpret the Bible for themselves.
Coffer means chest

11. Luther’s 95 Theses
In 1517, the 95 Theses were nailed to a church door. They were written in Latin.
Luther’s intention: NOT TO BREAK WITH CHURCH, BUT REFORM IT!
Criticized:
Indulgences
Power of Pope
Wealth of Church
God’s Grace won by FAITH ALONE!

12. Excommunication In 1520 Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther.
Excommunication- expelled him from the church.
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V passed measures to suppress Luther’s writings.
Lutheran princes in Germany issued a protestatio or protest.
Hence the term Protestant!
Pope Leo X by Raphel

13. Activty
1. Summary: Who was Martin Luther and what did he do that was important (5-6 sentences)
2. The Church communicated in Latin before Martin Luther came along. The bible was only written in Latin. Why was Luther’s act of translating the bible into German important?

14. Activity: Primary Source
Partner up
Read excerpts from Erasmus” Praise of Folly and Luther’s 95 Thesis
Complete Primary Source Questions

15. Primary Source Activity
Representative on Earth
Indulgences; pardons
Free from sin
Related to money
Unholy; not religious

16. John Calvin – ( )
French lawyer - moved to religious community in Geneva, Switzerland
“Faith Alone” saves you
The Bible holds the truth
Religious Education
PREDESTINATION - God has already decided who is saved/condemned.

17. Calvinism
Spreads to France, Germany, Netherlands, Scandinavia, Scotland
Dutch Reformed,
Scottish Presbyterians, American Baptists, Puritans, from this branch

18. In England, the Reformation began with the King!
King Henry VIII
The king who had six wives…
He wants a SON!
Lines provided in notes to write down story of King Henry VIII.
King Henry’s older brother Arthur (named after the famous tale King Author and the Knights of the Round Table) dies… Author was married to Catherine of Argon (from Spain) before she married Henry. This becomes the grounds for his annulment (because Catherine can’t produce a son). She does however give birth to a daughter named Mary. She later becomes a queen of England and restores the Catholic Church! History knows her as Bloody Mary.
Catherine of Aragon, Henry's first wife.  Catherine, a Princess of Spain, was married to Henry for many years.  Her determination to stay married to Henry, in the face of his desire for Anne Boleyn, would change the course of history forever.
Anne Boleyn, Henry's second wife, and the mother of Queen Elizabeth I.  Henry fell passionately in love with Anne while married to Catherine of Aragon.  He waited several years to marry Anne, but, ironically, lost his desire for her once she became his Queen.
Jane Seymour, Henry's beloved third Queen.  Gentle, capable Jane gave Henry his long-awaited male heir after one year of marriage.  Sadly, she gave her life to do so.
Anne of Cleves, Henry's fourth wife.  This German princess served as Queen for only a few months before she and Henry agreed to divorce by mutual consent.
Katherine Howard, Henry's fifth wife.  Henry's marriage to this sensuous teenager brought him brief happiness, but ended in tragedy. 
Katherine Parr, Henry's sixth Queen.  This intelligent, loyal, forward-thinking Renaissance woman outlived three husbands, including Henry, and went on to finally marry the man of her choice.

19. Henry VIII of England
Wished to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn
Pope refused to grant it
Henry declares himself head of the Church of England in the “Act of Supremacy” 1534
In America we call this the Anglican Church

20. Act of Supremacy- 1534
The King is head of the church in England, not the Pope!!

22. Longstanding Effects of Henry VIII
His legitimate children: Mary, Elizabeth, and Edward (dies).
Queen Mary I or “Bloody Mary”
Raised Catholic like her mother Catherine of Aragon; she reestablished the Catholic Church in England. She killed many protestants and had approximately 300 heretics burned at the stake.
Queen Elizabeth I
Raised Protestant and ruled England for 44 years. Ruled during the Spanish Armada, and never married…known as the Virgin Queen.

24. Activity: Effects of the Reformation
Read “What were the political and social ramifications of the reformation?”
Write Questions #1-4
Answer the Questions
Complete Social & Political Effect Chart