2. Nationalism Emerges in Europe What is Nationalism? Loyalty to a people not kings Concept of Citizenship Help to build idea of nation states Increase awareness of characteristics that unify a people

3. Characteristic 1 Common nationality or ancestry

4. Characteristic 2 Common language

5. Characteristic 3 Shared Culture- dress, food, behavior

6. Characteristic 4 Common Faith

7. Characteristic 5 Shared Territory- called the“Fatherland”: Promote political and economic interests

8. Roots and spread of Nationalism French Revolution: Age of Napoleon: Decisions at Congress of Vienna Origins: Forced the raising of a “citizen army” Spread: His conquest spread nationalist ideas Intensified: Antagonized wealthy middle class

9. Outcomes of Nationalism in 1800s Increase Economic Competition between nations Growth of democratic ideals Revolutions in 1848 Middle Class led revolts/lower class participation Discontent with Monarchs Most failed: Monarchs controlled Armies

10. Empires Multi national/ethnic Led by monarch People identify with their monarch or local ruler Multiple languages Birth of Nationalism Nation States One nationality More democratic People identify with their culture/country “Official” Language Local authority was strong….but had to pay tribute to monarch/empire Borders not well defined Local authority was a part of overall governing system Fixed Borders

11. Balkans and the force of Nationalism

12. Effect of Nationalism in the Balkans (SE Europe) Russian attempts to exert influence based on ties to Orthodox Church Serbians plead for and successfully gain self rule Austrian, French and English interest in the Balkans Greeks united in a revolt for independence (Common Faith) (Common Ancestry) (Economic) (Common Language)

13. Europe 1850Europe 1870 What is the most obvious change from Europe of 1850 and Europe of 1870?

14. Unification of Germany and Italy In Common Product of Nationalism: Common history, language and culture

15. In Common Previously divided into independent states

16. Early attempts failed In Common Germany and the Frankfort Assembly Italy and failed revolution of 1848

17. Austria was an obstacle In Common Austria

18. Used a blending of diplomacy and war In Common

19. Italy Originated in Piedmont (includes Sardinia)

20. Diplomatic work of Cavour in North Italy Military work of Garibaldi in South

21. Papal states was final obstacle Italy

22. Germany Originated in Prussia

23. Work of Bismarck's realpolitik Germany Discriminate use of war Ignore domestic issues

24. France was last obstacle--Franco- Prussian War Germany Crushing victory Last German states are secured Gain Alsace/Lorraine