1. SENTENCE DIAGRAMMING English 1

2. Sentence Diagramming Reed-Kellogg Method Based on word relationships Uses the logic of the sentence instead of the physical order of the words

3. Basics First, we establish the base subject/verb relationship in the sentence. All diagrams start with this. Example: It rained. Itrained subjectpredicate

4. Basics The verb phrase contains the complete tense of the verb. It is raining. Contractions will also appear in the diagram. For example: It’s raining. Itis raining‘s raining

5. Direct Objects As part of the predicate, separate this from the verb phrase using a vertical line that ascends from the base line. Alice crafts dolls. Alicecraftsdolls Direct Object

6. Noun Predicates and Adjectives Instead of a vertical line, a left-slanting diagonal ascending line is used. Suika is drunk. Marisa is a witch.. Suikaisdrunk Marisaiswitch a Note that this is only applied to adjectives that are used to complement the predicate’s verb phrase.

7. Adjectives, Adverbs and other Modifiers Earlier we had this example: Marisa is a witch. We use these to show which words modify which in the sentence. Adverbs, adjectives, determiners (the) are attached to the words they modify.. Marisaiswitch a Note the descending diagonal line with “a.”

8. Adjectives, Adverbs and other Modifiers Suika is very drunk. Suikaisdrunk very “very” in this case is an adverb that modifies the adjective “drunk.”

9. Adjectives, Adverbs and other Modifiers Alice stayed awake until midnight cramming. Alicestayed until cramming midnight awake Participles like this modify the noun. Participles are differentiated from adjectives by the L- shaped symbol.

10. Adjectives, Adverbs and other Modifiers Marisa stealthily stole Patchy’s precious books. Marisastolebooks Patchy’s precious stealthily All of the modifiers appear below the words they are modifying.

11. Adjectives, Adverbs and other Modifiers Sakuya eventually replaced her old, outdated costume. Sakuyareplacedcostume old outdated eventually her

12. Noun Predicates, Predicate Adjectives, and Direct Objects Everyone considers Cirno a complete idiot. Everyone considers Cirno a idiot complete

13. Prepositions Patchy is practicing magic at the library. Patchyis practicingmagic at library the Prepositions are shown by adding a descending diagonal line with the preposition written on it leading to a horizontal line that indicates the complement.

14. Compound Subjects Remilia and Sakuya are picking flowers at the mansion’s conservatory. Remilia are picking flowers at conservatory the Sakuya and mansion’s Compound subjects are indicated by branches connected by a dotted line. The dotted line indicates the conjunction.

15. Compound Subjects Remilia and Sakuya are picking flowers at the mansion’s conservatory. Remilia are picking flowers at conservatory the Sakuya and mansion’s Compound subjects are indicated by branches connected by a dotted line. The dotted line indicates the conjunction.

16. Coordination and Subordination Utsuho is going on a rampage again, so Marisa must stop her immediately. Utsuhois going on rampage a Marisa so again must stopher immediately Both coordination and subordination have the component clauses diagrammed separately. The verbs of the two diagrams are then linked by a vertical dotted line that indicates either the coordinating or subordinating conjunction.

17. Relative Clauses Youmu, who is Princess Yuyuko’s gardener, is also an accomplished swordfighter. Youmuis an whoisgardener swordfighter accomplished also Yuyuko’s Princess Relative clauses modify words in a sentence by adding additional information. They usually start with “who,” “whom,” “where,” etc. A relative clause is diagrammed like this. Since it is a clause, it also has an SV relationship and is diagrammed with the base cross. Note the branching modifiers. Princess modifies Yuyuko’s modifies gardener. The dotted line attaches the relative pronoun “who” to its antecedent Youmu.

18. Extreme Example The immortal vampire girl who lives in the dark, creepy mansion drinks her victims’ blood and enjoys it immensely. girldrinksblood the immortal vampire victims’ her sheenjoysit and immensely wholives in mansion the dark creepy

19. Overkill Example (Try it Out!) The defenders of Gensokyo, who are incredibly- skilled warriors, are fighting tirelessly to protect the realm from invaders who wish to take their beloved land, but the mysterious enemy who is coming might be too strong for them to defeat.

20. Corrections The original “Suika is roaring drunk” sentence has been replaced with “Suika is very drunk.” Roaring is a participle and must be diagrammed with the L-symbol. Misplaced branches have been corrected. Slide on Relative Clauses added. Slide on uber diagram added.

21. Title Composed and animated by JRR Flores All characters are from the Touhou series of video games. http://touhou.wikia.comhttp://touhou.wikia.com All Touhou characters are property of Shanghai Alice Gengakudan. 全ての東方キャラは上海アリス幻楽団の財物です。 References: – Cobuild English Grammar (Harper-Collins) – E360K English Grammar: Diagrams http://www.utexas.edu/courses/langling/e360k/handouts/diagrams/index.html