1. The Demography of Latino Immigration: Trends and Implications for the Future Rogelio Saenz Texas A&M University Department of Sociology College Station, TX 77843-4351 E-Mail: rsaenz@tamu.edu rsaenz@tamu.edu Presented at the ASA Congressional Briefing on Immigration. April 19, 2004.

2. Unique Features of Latino Immigration Sustained immigration throughout 20th century. Mexican prominence in U.S. foreign-born population. Major impact of Latino immigration on the demography of the U.S. Historical context surrounding Mexican and Latin American immigration to the U.S.

3. Demographic Trends Related to Latino Immigration Population Changes

7. Demographic Trends Related to Latino Immigration Ten Fastest Growing States in Latino Population Between 1990 and 2000. North Carolina (394%) North Carolina (394%) Arkansas (337%) Arkansas (337%) Georgia (300%) Georgia (300%) Tennessee (278%) Tennessee (278%) Nevada (217%) Nevada (217%) South Carolina (211%) South Carolina (211%) Alabama (208%) Alabama (208%) Kentucky (173%) Kentucky (173%) Minnesota (166%) Minnesota (166%) Nebraska (155%) Nebraska (155%)

8. Demographic Trends Related to Latino Immigration Changes in Distribution Patterns of Latino Immigration Latinoization/Mexicanization of U.S. Latinoization/Mexicanization of U.S.

11. Demographic Trends Related to Latino Immigration Age/Sex Composition of Latino Immigrants Median Age in 2000 Median Age in 2000 Latino Foreign-Born (33)/Native-Born (18) Mex. Foreign-Born (31)/Native-Born (16) U.S. Population (35) U.S. Non-Latino White (38) Sex Ratio (Males per 100 Females) in 2000 Sex Ratio (Males per 100 Females) in 2000 Latino Foreign-Born (113)/Native-Born (100) Mex. Foreign-Born (126)/Native-Born (102) U.S. Population (96) U.S. Non-Latino White (96)

14. Trends in the Labor Patterns of Latino Immigrants Labor Force Participation Rates

16. Trends in the Labor Patterns of Latino Immigrants Gender and Work

18. Trends in the Labor Patterns of Latino Immigrants Latino Immigrant Industrial Niches 20 industries where Latino immigrants disproportionately represented with a specific volume of Latino immigrant workers in the industry. 20 industries where Latino immigrants disproportionately represented with a specific volume of Latino immigrant workers in the industry. Nearly half (47.3%) Latino immigrant workers employed in these 20 industries. Nearly half (47.3%) Latino immigrant workers employed in these 20 industries.

19. Trends in the Labor Patterns of Latino Immigrants Latino Immigrant Industrial Niches Top Ten Latino Immigrant Industrial Niches on Basis of Number Workers Top Ten Latino Immigrant Industrial Niches on Basis of Number WorkersConstruction Restaurants and other food services Fruit & vegetable preserving & spec. food mfg. Landscaping services Traveler accommodation Services to building and dwellings Private households Automotive repair and maintenance Groceries & related product wholesalers Not specified manufacturing industries

22. The Special Case of Mexicans and Length of U.S. Residence Population 25-44 Years of Age Period of Arrival in the U.S.: Before 1970; 1970-1979; 1980-1989; 1990-2000 Before 1970; 1970-1979; 1980-1989; 1990-2000 With increasing time in the U.S., Mexican immigrants have….: higher rates of naturalization. higher rates of naturalization. higher rates of English fluency. higher rates of English fluency. higher rates of female labor force participation. higher rates of female labor force participation. higher presence in higher-status occupations. higher presence in higher-status occupations. higher labor market wages. higher labor market wages. lower poverty rates. lower poverty rates.

23. Broad Trends in Latino Immigration and Implications for the Future Population projections and the increasing Latinoization of the U.S. 2000: 12.6% 2000: 12.6% 2010: 15.5% 2010: 15.5% 2020: 17.8% 2020: 17.8% 2030: 20.1% 2030: 20.1% 2040: 22.3% 2040: 22.3% 2050: 24.4% 2050: 24.4% Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2004. U.S. Interim Projections by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau.

24. Broad Trends in Latino Immigration and Implications for the Future Latino immigration and impact on societal institutions. Latino immigration and the “blurring of boundaries.” Transnational migration Transnational migration Remittances Remittances Nationality/Citizenship Nationality/Citizenship Geography Geography Family Family Nativity Status Nativity Status Language Language