1. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success The Chicago Manual Writing Style Workshop as presented in Kate Turabian’s Manual for Writers Sixth Edition Part 1 Presented By: Melissa Thomas Written By: Rhonda Wilkins

2. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Outline of Part 1  Tips on using the Turabian Manual (TM)  Overview of the Turabian Manual  How to Prepare the Paper Manuscript  Chicago Editorial Style  Practice Activity

3. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Tips on How to use the TM Manual  Tab pages you refer to often.  Use the Index. (p. 287)  Refer to Samples. (14.18-14.42)

4. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Overview of the Turabian  Preface  Ch.1 – The Parts of the Paper  Ch. 2 – Abbreviations and Numbers  Ch. 3 – Spelling and Punctuation  Ch. 4 – Capitalization, Italics, and Quotation Marks

5. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Overview of the Turabian, cont.  Ch.5 – Quotations  Ch.6 – Tables  Ch.7 – Illustrations  Ch.8 – Notes  Ch.9 – Bibliographies  Ch.10 – Parenthetical References and Reference List ** (MLA Style)

6. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Overview of the Turabian, cont.  Ch. 11 – Comparing the Two Documentation Systems  Ch. 12 – Public Documents  Ch. 13 – Preparing the Manuscript  Ch. 14 – Formats and Sample Layouts  Selected Bibliography  Index

7. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success General Instructions for Preparing the Paper Manuscript  Paper: 8 ½ x 11 in. (13.35)  Typeface: 12-pt Times Roman/Courier (13.27)  Double Spacing (14.5)  Margins: 1 in. all sides (14.2-3) leave enough space on left margin to account for binding.  Page Numbers: upper right-hand corner (14.6-9)  Paragraphs and Indentation (use tab key)

8. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success General Instructions, cont.  Title Page (1.7, Sample, 14.18) Name of the university centered near top of title page Name of the university centered near top of title page Full title of paper Full title of paper Course department and number Course department and number Date Date Writer’s name Writer’s name

9. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Chicago Editorial Style Period (3.55-59)** Use to end a complete sentence. Use to end a complete sentence. Also used in abbreviations, quotations, numbers, and references. Also used in abbreviations, quotations, numbers, and references. Use two spaces after a period, not one. Use two spaces after a period, not one.

10. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Commas (3.65-83)  Use in series of three or more items. The height, width, or depth The height, width, or depth  Use to set off nonessential clauses. Switch A, which was on a panel… Switch A, which was on a panel…  DO NOT USE before an essential clause. The rifle shot that started the battle also started the war. The rifle shot that started the battle also started the war.

11. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Commas, cont.  Use to separate two independent clauses joined by a conjunction. Cedar shavings covered the floor, and paper was available… Cedar shavings covered the floor, and paper was available…  DO NOT USE between parts of a compound predicate. The results contradicted Smith’s hypothesis and indicated that the effect… The results contradicted Smith’s hypothesis and indicated that the effect…

12. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Semicolon (3.84-88)  Use to separate two independent clauses that are not joined by a conjunction. The participants in the first study were paid; those in the second study were unpaid. The participants in the first study were paid; those in the second study were unpaid.  Use to separate elements in a series that already contain commas. The color order was red, yellow, blue; blue, yellow, red; or yellow, red, blue. The color order was red, yellow, blue; blue, yellow, red; or yellow, red, blue.

13. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Colon (3.88-90)  Use between a complete introductory clause and a final phrase. (If the clause following the colon is a complete sentence, it begins with a capital letter.) Roosevelt spoke of four freedoms: the freedom from want, the freedom from fear … Roosevelt spoke of four freedoms: the freedom from want, the freedom from fear …  Rule of thumb: If you can use the phrase “such as,” then you can use a colon.  DO NOT USE after an introduction that is not a complete sentence. The reasons for the Great Depression include the stock market crash, the extended drought… The reasons for the Great Depression include the stock market crash, the extended drought…

14. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Quotation Marks (5.11-17)  Use with direct quotations other than block quotations.  Use to indicate the title of an article or chapter in a book when used in text.  DO NOT USE to cite a, word, phrase, letter or sentence as a linguistic example. (Instead, italicize them.) He clarified the difference between farther and further. He clarified the difference between farther and further.  DO NOT USE to introduce a technical or key term. (Instead, italicize them.) The term zero-base budgeting appeared… The term zero-base budgeting appeared…

15. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Punctuation with quotation marks (5.17)  Periods and commas placed inside quotation marks.  Semicolons and colons go outside.  Question marks and exclamation points placed outside unless part of quotation.

16. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Ellipsis points (3.59, 3.111, 5.18-29, 5.33-34)  Use to indicate any omission of words, phrases or paragraphs in quoted material.  Place a space before the first dot and a space after the last.  Always place within quotation marks.  If ellipsis points precede or follow quotation marks, do not leave a space between first ellipsis dot and quotation marks.  Do NOT use before or after a clearly incomplete sentence.  Do NOT use before a block quotation or after a block quotation ending in a complete sentence.

17. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Parentheses (3.98)  Use to introduce abbreviations. The World Health Organization (WHO) The World Health Organization (WHO)  Use to set off structurally independent elements. The patterns were significant (see Map 5). The patterns were significant (see Map 5).

18. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Brackets (3.99)  Use to enclose material inserted in a quotation by some person other than the original writer. “when [his own and others’] conclusions were studied” “when [his own and others’] conclusions were studied”

19. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Spelling (3.1-53, 8.58)  Use spell check.  For reference, use Webster’s Third New International Dictionary or Merriam- Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, tenth edition.  For further reference, use Webster’s New Biographical Dictionary or Webster’s New Geographical Dictionary.

20. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Capitalization (4.1-13)  Capitalize major words in titles and headings within body of paper.  Capitalize the first word after a colon or dash in a title, if a complete sentence.  Capitalize proper nouns and trade names.

21. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Capitalization in quotations (5.26)  If quotation is set off from text by comma, period, or colon, capitalize the first word, even if it is not capitalized in the original text. The journalist replied, “No one can foresee the future affects.” The journalist replied, “No one can foresee the future affects.”  If quotation is joined with writer’s introductory words, the first word is not capitalized, even if it was capitalized in original text. The committee believed that “they had done their job admirably.” The committee believed that “they had done their job admirably.”

22. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Capitalization, cont.  DO NOT CAPITALIZE names of laws, theories, models, or hypotheses.  But retain capitalization of personal names. Brady or gun control law Brady or gun control law

23. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Italics (4.14-33)  Use for titles of books, periodicals, and microfilm publications.  Use sparingly for emphasis.  Use to introduce a new, technical, or key term or label (only the first time.)  Use for letters, words, or phrases cited as a linguistic example. Words such as big and little Words such as big and little

24. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Abbreviations (2.1-28)  Use sparingly.  Do not use etc., explain what you mean.

25. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Lists (1.2, 3.57, 3.89, 8.4)  Lists may be single-spaced within double-spaced text.  Tables, outlines, lists, and letters not immediately relevant to the text should be placed in an appendix and referred to by a footnote.

26. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Numbers  The general rule in Chicago Style: Spell out numbers through one hundred and any whole number followed by hundred, thousand, or million. The population is close to twenty million. The population is close to twenty million.  Spell out any number that begins a sentence or title.  Use numerals for all other numbers. At least 879 people voted at the precinct. At least 879 people voted at the precinct.

27. Tomás Rivera Center for Student Success Numbers, cont.  Use numerals to express all numbers expressing scientific or statistical material.  Except when beginning a sentence, never spell out the number preceding percent or %.  Use a zero before decimal point when numbers are less than 1. 0.23 cm, 0.48 s 0.23 cm, 0.48 s  DO NOT USE a zero before a decimal fraction when the number cannot be greater than one (e.g. correlations, proportions, and levels of statistical significance.) r(24) = -.43, p <.05 r(24) = -.43, p <.05