1. Protecting Infrastructure: The Role of Standards John Hooper Director of Earthquake Engineering Magnusson Klemencic Associates

2. Haiti—January 12, 2010  Over 220,000 casualties  Over 300,000 homes damage/destroyed  Over 1.5 M people affected  No Codes or Standards M W 7.0

5. M W 8.8 Chile—February 27, 2010 Under 500 casualties Estimated damage: $30B US Building Codes and Standards similar to US

6. Performance of Chilean Buildings Post 1985 Buildings that collapsed: 4 (approximately) Buildings to be demolished: 50 (estimated) Number of buildings 9+ stories: 1,939 Failures of 9+ stories: 2.8%

9. Crushed Concrete Walls at Transition Zones

10. Poorly Detailed Concrete Walls

12. Christchurch—February 22, 2011  181 deaths  Estimate damage: $16B  Aftershock intensity exceeded the initial earthquake  Modern building codes and standards M W 6.3

13. 2011 Christchurch Earthquake

16. Transect of approximately 300 buildings was accurate for nearly 4000.

17. Grand Chancellor -Reinforced concrete -19 stories -mid-1980s -Core wall (up to 7 th story) -Perimeter frame (above 7 th story) Courtesy of Dr. Ken Elwood and EERI

18. Grand Chancellor South FaceEast Face Courtesy of Dr. Ken Elwood & EERI

20. Observations—URM Buildings Upgrade performed better than unstrengthened 33% “Code” Upgrade: Not good in MCE 50% - 67% “Code Upgrade: Variable Full “Code” Upgrade: Performed well in general

21. Building Codes and Standards: New Buildings

24. Building Codes and Standards: Existing Buildings

27. Building Seismic Performance Matrix

28. Frequent Earthquakes (25-50 years) Design Earthquake (300-600 years) Maximum Considered Earthquake (1000-2500 years) Ground Motion Levels

29. Building Seismic Performance Matrix Building Performance Levels Operational Immediate Occupancy Life Safe Collapse Prevention Frequent Earthquakes (25-50 years) Design Earthquake (300-600 years) Maximum Considered Earthquake (1000-2500 years) Ground Motion Levels

30. Building Seismic Performance Matrix Building Performance Levels Operational Immediate Occupancy Life Safe Collapse Prevention Frequent Earthquakes (25-50 years) Design Earthquake (300-600 years) Maximum Considered Earthquake (1000-2500 years) Ground Motion Levels New Buildings/Basic Retrofit Objective

31. Building Seismic Performance Matrix Building Performance Levels Operational Immediate Occupancy Life Safe Collapse Prevention Frequent Earthquakes (25-50 years) Design Earthquake (300-600 years) Maximum Considered Earthquake (1000-2500 years) Ground Motion Levels New Essential Facilities/Enhanced Retrofit Objective New Buildings/Basic Retrofit Objective

32. Life Safety Performance

34. Other Infrastructure Codes & Standards Bridges Life safe performance, on par with buildings Lifelines (water, sewer, gas, power, etc.) No consistent, national standards Performance will be inconsistent

35. Summary Building Codes and Standards (and their enforcement) make a difference Continued Code/Standard updates are essential Analysis Physical Research Earthquake Reconnaissance Need to establish consistent standards for Lifelines Is Life Safety Performance adequate?