1. The Mongol Empire
Chapter 12
section 3

2. Key Terms
Kublai Khan
Marco Polo

3. Kublai Khan Becomes Emperor
Armies overwhelmed the Chinese 1279
Had fought invasions of northern nomads
First time a foreigner ruled the whole country
Founded the Yuan Dynasty

4. Beginning a New Dynasty
Lasted less than a century
United chins for first time in 300 years
Considered one of the greatest emperors
Opened china to more foreign trade
Made few changes in culture or government

5. Beginning a New Dynasty
Abandoned the Asian steppes foe China
Lived a luxurious life
Built new square walled capitol in Beijing
Previous Khans ruled from Mongolia
Move was for Kublai to mark his mark on China

6. Failure to Conquer Japan
Tried in 1274 and 1281
Sent huge fleets
Mongols forced Koreans to build the boats
Task almost ruined Korea
Second fleet carried 150,000 warriors

7. Failure to Conquer Japan
Largest seaborne invasion prior to World War II
Fought for 53 days
Typhoon destroyed their navy
Kamikaze- divine wind

8. Mongol Rule in China
“One can conquer on horseback, but cannot govern on horseback”
Few Mongols in China
Made use of Chinese officials

9. The Mongols and the Chinese
Little in common with the Chinese
Kept separate identity
Kept Chines out of the high government jobs
Went to Mongols or foreigners
Restored Grand Canal and extended it 135 miles

10. The Mongols and the Chinese
Built paved highway 1100 miles
Land and water routes provided the North with grain and goods

11. Foreign Trade Increased under Kublai Khan Due to Mongol Peace
Caravans traded silk and porcelain
Called the Silk Roads
Inventions
Gunpowder, compass, playing cards, paper currency

12. Foreign Trade Invited foreigners merchants to China
Most were Muslims from India
European traders and travelers
Christian missionaries

13. Marco Polo at the Mongol Court
Venetian trader
Most famous visitor
Traveled by caravan with his uncles
Khan sent him on government missions
Served Khan for 17 years
Left China 1292

14. Marco Polo at the Mongol Court
Polo was captured during a war
Told his story in prison
Spoke of china’s cities of coal (burning black stones)
Recorded workings of Kublai Khan’s government

15. The End of Mongol Rule Tried to expand empire Suffered defeats
Heavy spending on public works, luxuries burdened the treasury
Created resentment from overtaxed Chinese

16. Yuan Dynasty Overthrown
Khan died in 1294
Four different rulers in 8 years
Rebellions broke out
Fueled by famine, flood, and disease
1368 Chinese rebels overthrew the Mongols

17. Decline of the Mongol Empire
Entire Mongol empire disintegrated
Ilkhanate in Persia fell apart in 1330’s
Chagatai rule central Asia till 1370
Golden Horde ruled Russia for 250 years
Ivan freed Russia in 1480