1. Western Europe in the early Middle Ages (Franks & Vikings)

2. The End of the Roman Empire The Germans lived in tribes led by chieftains in military system called the Comitatus In 476, with a German as emperor, the Western Empire ends, beginning the Middle Ages (Medieval in Latin) With the end of the Western Roman Empire the people of Europe enter into a “Dark Ages” The German chieftain, Odoacer, became emperor in 476

6. The Franks http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/M edieval/medievaltext6.htm http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/M edieval/medievaltext6.htm users.ipfw.edu/gatesb/H113i.PPT Under Clovis the Franks conquer all of Gaul Clovis will divide the land he conquerors into smaller parts that will be ruled by counts or dukes He will combine German laws with the Roman legal system Clovis Video (minute :43)Clovis Video

7. Clovis and Catholicism After winning a battle in which he almost lost, Clovis vowed to convert to Catholicism Clovis will be baptized by the pope and will fight Arian Christian tribes After his death, the Frankish Empire will be run by his relatives who lose power to Mayors of the Palace

8. Death of Clovis – 511 A.D. Four Sons Civil Wars Mayor of the Palace Charles “The Hammer” Martel Battle of Tours – 732 AD Pepin – Anointed by Pope Helped Pope against Lombards

9. The Carolingians Charles Martel, “The Hammer,” stops the Muslim invasion of Europe at the Battle of Tours in Spain. He will support St. Boniface’s missionary work among the Germans. Under his leadership most Germans convert from Arianism to Catholicism.

10. Pepin ended the rule of the Merovingian With the pope’s support he will be crowned King of the Franks In return he defends the pope from the Lombards and gives the pope land The Donation of Pepin creates the Papal States Pepin the Short

11. Pepin to Charlemagne Pepin dies 768 AD Pepin had two sons One died young Charles – Charlemagne Two goals were to: 1.Bring Western Europe under his rule. 2.All Germanic people to become Christian

13. Series of Wars to Reach Goals Defeated the Lombards Attacked the Saxons Fought the Muslims in Spain Fought non-Germanic Tribes as well Expands the Frankish Empire to its greatest size

16. Ruling the Holy Roman Empire To run the empire Charlemagne divides the land up into counties run by counts who are to protect the land from their manors To ensure that his orders were being followed and that there was justice in his empire Charlemagne created the Missi Dominici (the King’s Messengers) One nobleman and one bishop traveled the empire and made sure justice was met and the borders were safe from invasion

17. A Christian Empire Counts – cared for local problems Journeyed throughout the empire, to be amongst his people

18. Church and Government very close Charlemagne increased the power of the pope and demanded that a tax be paid annually to the church (10% of one’s income = a tithe) Charlemagne helped the Pope The Pope helped Charlemagne Declared Emperor

19. Alcuin of York The Carolingian Renaissance Charlemagne built churches and monasteries which will be centers of learning Alcuin of York will be hired to run a school for the children of nobles at Aachen Given many libraries had been destroyed due to war Charlemagne will order the monks to make copies of books, especially of the ancient Greeks and Romans

20. Education Valued education unlike earlier Frankish rulers Schools Religion, Latin, music, literature and arithmetic Hired Scholars The Arts Flourished again

21. Collapse of the Empire Charlemagne died in 814 A.D. Cared more about own estates than the empire Louis the Pious – Charlemagne’s son Louis’s three sons Treaty of Verdun – Lands split into three

25. Germanic people Conquered modern France and Germany Clovis– first King of all FRANKS, converted to Christianity in 481 Gave church 10% tax, called a tithe Used Missi Dominic (Counts) to keep order in his kingdom Made Aachen a center of learning Kingdom divided into three parts after Charlemagne’s death Division weakened empire’s unity Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims invaded God himself has made me king. I crown you Holy Roman Emperor Crowned HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR by the Pope He prevented Muslims from expanding into Europe. He brutally put down a Saxon revolt and forced them to convert to Catholicism Charlemagne’s Rise to Power

27. Lifestyle was based on the sea. Vikings were pirates. To go “a-viking” meant to go on an overseas adventure. Men and women wore long hair. Married women were respected. Government: tribal units ruled by jarls Values: Culture of war --> blood feuds were common Education was not important Religion: worshipped many gods by crop and animal sacrifices Raided coastal villages throughout Europe, plundering, killing, burning and taking possessions. Lack of FARMLAND so needed to move! Europe was weak after Charlemagne’s empire fell apart. Viking longships and weaponry intimidated people of Europe. Vikings were experienced sailors, traders and explorers. NORWAY DENMARK We can not stop the Viking raids without a strong central government Viking power of intimidation kept Europe in a state of terror. Europeans looked to local lords to protect them. These raids contributed to the development of feudalism. Viking culture influenced some aspects of life in Europe.

28. DIFFERENT VIKING ROLES OF DANES, NORWEGIANS AND SWEDES Vikings from Sweden, Norway and Denmark conquered different parts of the world. The Swedes sailed eastward following the great rivers to the Black Sea and Caspian Sea sailing far inland to what is today Russia. The Swedes were called Rus, which might be the origination of the term, Russia. The Norwegian Vikings traveled to the west in their adventuring. They discovered Iceland and Greenland, and may have sailed as far west as North America. The Danes sailed west and south toward England, France, Ireland, Spain and Italy. One Dane, named Ivar the Boneless, put together a great army and attacked and conquered the northwest part of England. Rolf the Walker attacked the French coast; the French king turned over what is known as Normandy – Northman’s Land – in return for peace.

29. Suggested Routes of the Vikings 2005 CE Believed Migration of Vikings in America

30. Immigrant Song

33. Franks Muslims Vikings Anglo- Saxons Papal States Magyars In the Early Middle Ages