1. Presented by: Michelle Aguilar, Marissa Aguilera & Jacqueline Romo Period#8

2. What is it?  Laryngitis is a lower respiratory infection that creates minor inflammation of the larynx and the surrounding tissues  Epiglottitis is a lower respiratory infection which causes inflammation on the small cartilage which covers you windpipe, blocking airflow into lungs.

3. Etiology LaryngitisEpiglottitis  Causative agents: rhinoviruses.  Gram negative  Common causes are the common cold & the flu.  You can also get it from the overuse of your voice, irritation from allergies, or if the vocal cords become infected and swell.  Causative agents: Haemophilus influenza (Hib) and streptococci  Gram negative  Causes are bacterial infection strains such as streptococcus, pneumococcus, staphylococcus and klebsiella. Epiglottitis Gram Stain

4. Epidemiology Laryngitis Epiglottitis  It is most common amongst males and any age between 18-40 years of age.  It is most common in the early spring  Commonly seen amongst 2-7 year olds, particularly the males.  May get it at any age  Not very common in the U.S.  There is 1 case per 100,000 people per year.

5. Mode of Transmission Laryngitis Epiglottitis  Laryngitis itself is not transmitted, but the viruses that often cause laryngitis can be passed from person to person or by aerosol droplets.  Spreads through inflected water droplets that are coughed or sneezed into the air.

6. Symptoms Laryngitis Epiglottitis  Symptoms of laryngitis include:  hoarseness  dry or sore throat  coughing  trouble swallowing  Symptoms of epiglottitis include:  sore throat  hoarseness  high fever  trouble swallowing  shortness of breath  wheezing  drooling

7. Diagnostic Tests Laryngitis Epiglottitis  The diagnosis is made at doctors office by examination. This brief examination will include looking for lumps and inflammation in the throat.  Diagnosis includes several tests such as  Throat examinations  chest or neck x-ray  throat culture and blood tests  pulse oximeter

8. Treatment for Laryngitis  Acute laryngitis gets better on its own within in about a week  For chronic laryngitis, it targets the underlying cause like heartburn, smoking, or excessive use of alcohol.  Medication such as antibiotics or corticosteroids are commonly used.  Antibiotics wont help because laryngitis is viral not bacterial.  Corticosteroids help reduce inflammation & are used inly when there’s an urgent need to treat laryngitis (like to sing, give a speech)  A couple of home remedies include  Breathe moist air  Rest your voice  Drink lots of fluids  Moisten your throat  Avoid decongestants Normal Vocal Cords Acute Laryngitis

9. Treatment for Epiglottitis  1 st make sure you can breathe  Wearing a mask  Breathing tube in the windpipe through the mouth/nose  Inserting a needle into the trachea  Treating the infection involves intravenous antibiotics after you get enough air  Broad-spectrum antibiotics for quick treatment rather than waiting for blood results  More targeted antibiotics depending the cause for the epiglottitis.

10. Prevention Laryngitis Epiglottitis  Prevent dryness or irritation of vocal cords  Don’t smoke  Limit alcohol & caffeine  Drink lots of water  Avoid clearing your throat  Does more harm by causing abnormal vibration of vocal cords & swelling  Avoid upper respiratory infection with good hygiene  Hib vaccine (Haemophilus influenza) is the effective way to prevent epiglottitis  Received in 3-4 doses (2months, 4m, 6m[if given in 4 doses] and 12-15months.  CDC recommend vaccinate people whose immune systems are weakened by HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy, spleen removed, & sickle cell disease.  Don’t share personal items  Wash hands

11. Video  Laryngitis  http://youtu.be/Rg09vEZks9c  Epiglottitis  http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=CIO7yUeb-T0

12. References (28 June. 2012). Laryngitis Treatments and drugs Diseases and Conditions Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/laryngitis/basics/treatment/con-20021565. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/laryngitis/basics/treatment/con-20021565 (28 June. 2012). Laryngitis Lifestyle and home remedies Diseases and Conditions Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/laryngitis/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20021565. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/laryngitis/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20021565 (28 June. 2012). Laryngitis Prevention Diseases and Conditions Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/laryngitis/basics/prevention/con-20021565. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/laryngitis/basics/prevention/con-20021565 (02 Oct. 2012). Epiglottitis Treatments and drugs Diseases and Conditions Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epiglottitis/basics/treatment/con-20027854. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epiglottitis/basics/treatment/con-20027854 (02 Oct. 2012). Epiglottitis Prevention Diseases and Conditions Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epiglottitis/basics/prevention/con-20027854. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epiglottitis/basics/prevention/con-20027854 (10 Feb. 2007). Haemophilus influenzae infections Blue Book Infectious Diseases Epidemiology & Surveillance Department of Health Victoria Australia. Health. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://ideas.health.vic.gov.au/bluebook/haemophilus.asp. http://ideas.health.vic.gov.au/bluebook/haemophilus.asp (2014). Epiglottitis Symptoms Diseases and Conditions PDR Health. PDR Health. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://www.pdrhealth.com/diseases/epiglottitis/symptoms.http://www.pdrhealth.com/diseases/epiglottitis/symptoms (2014). Epiglottitis Diagnosis Diseases and Conditions PDR Health. PDR Health. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://www.pdrhealth.com/diseases/epiglottitis/diagnosis.http://www.pdrhealth.com/diseases/epiglottitis/diagnosis (02 Oct. 2012). Epiglottitis Causes Diseases and Conditions Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 01 May 2014. from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epiglottitis/basics/causes/con-20027854. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epiglottitis/basics/causes/con-20027854 (21 Jan. 2011). The Larynx. The National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health. Retrieved 04 May 2014 from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/larynx/page2http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/larynx/page2 (09 Oct. 2012). Laryngitis. WebD. Retrieved 04 May 2014. from http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/laryngitishttp://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/laryngitis (2013). ENT Laryngitis Dr. Tal Dagan. Dagan MD NYC. Retrieved 04 May 2014. from http://www.myfacesurgeon.com/ent-home/laryngitis/.http://www.myfacesurgeon.com/ent-home/laryngitis/