1. MUSIC IN LATIN AMERICA

2. Music in Latin America is extremely diverse

3. There are three typical Latin American instrument groups

4. Indigenous (Pre-Columbian) instruments

5. European instruments

6. and African instruments

7. The fiesta in Paucartambo celebrates Catholic and Inca religions

8. Each dance group at the fiesta is accompanied by its own band

9. Traditional Dance, Chunchos of Paucartambo. Textbook CD 3, track 3

10. Traditional dance and song: “Qollas Despedida.” Textbook CD 3, track 4

11. La Pastorita Huaracina (Maria Alvarado), “Quisiera Olvidarte
La Pastorita Huaracina (Maria Alvarado), “Quisiera Olvidarte.” Textbook CD 3, track 5.

12. Mestizo musical values and styles in Mexico have strong regional identities

13. The three main regional styles are Son Jarocho, Son Huasteco, and Mariachi

14. Son Huasteca: “El Gustito.” Textbook CD 3, track 6

15. Native American musical values and styles reflect a collective orientation to social life

16. Aymara panpipe ensemble Textbook CD 3, track 7

17. The Suyá, an Amazonian Indian group with a vocal music culture in Brazil, maintain a collective style of music

18. African American musical values and styles in Ecuador and Colombia

19. Marimba dance, Textbook CD 3, track 8

20. African American musical values and musical styles in Brazil

21. West African-derived musical styles, concepts, and instruments are found in Brazilian candomblé

22. Other candomblé cults in the Bahía region demonstrate varying levels of acculturation

23. The candomblé ensembles are typically African

24. Urban popular music is a diverse example of syncretism

25. Summary

26. The Latin American continent encompasses many different types of societies, each with their own musical traditions

27. Mestizo cultures have become a common denominator influencing many forms of Latin American music

28. In each region, different combinations of European and Native influences occurred

29. Mestizo music is characterized by European harmonies and complex African rhythms

30. The guitar—in many variants—is the most common stringed instrument

31. Native American musical performances tend to be group events

32. Afro-Latin American music is a combination of African, European, and Native influences

33. Discussion Questions

34. Why would different types of flutes be prone for use in Peru?

35. How might we catalogue the guitar variants that developed throughout Latin America from colonial times?

36. What examples of sesquialtera might we find in classical music or the popular music of our culture?

37. In what ways might marimba playing be compared to Shona mbira playing?

38. Panpipes were as prevalent in ancient Greek and Roman societies as they have been in Peru. What might be the connection, if there is any? Are the two traditions completely unrelated? If so, why can’t they be related?

39. Why and how did West African religion and music bind with Catholicism in Brazil in the form of candomblé?