1. NATIVE AMERICAN MUSIC

2. Native American music is fairly homogeneous

3. Common Native American instruments are singing and drums

4. Typically there are eight different musical areas

5. Plains style: Blackfoot “War or Grass Dance song,” Textbook CD 3, track 12

6. Eastern style: “Creek Stomp Dance Song”, Textbook CD 3, track 13

7. Lummi Stick Game Song Textbook CD 3, track 14

8. Intertribal styles have developed in recent times

9. Pawnee Ghost Dance Song: “The Yellow Star,” Textbook CD 3, track 15

10. Kiowa Peyote Song: Opening Prayer Song and Sunrise Song, tracks 16 & 17

11. The powwow is an intertribal event that builds a sense of ethnic identity

12. Two Modern Powwow Love Songs, Textbook CD 3, track 18

13. Popular music includes Indian rock music and Native American flute music

14. Native American songs tend to be very short, but sung in large groups for specific rituals

15. The voice is the primary instrument, with drums, rattles, scrappers, and flutes the most widespread instruments

16. The singing style usually features a tense, pulsating voice

17. There are eight regions that have common musical cultures

18. Music serves as a mediator between us and the supernatural world

19. Individual skill is not valued as highly as group participation in performance

20. Today, Western pop influences—including rock and rap—have led to a new type of intertribal popular music

21. Since a musical system is a reflection of the rest of the culture, how is it so in Native American cultures?

22. Since a musical system is a reflection of the rest of the culture, how is it so in African cultures?

23. Since a musical system is a reflection of the rest of the culture, how is it so in Asian cultures?

24. Since a musical system is a reflection of the rest of the culture, how is it so in American popular culture?

25. How can powwows be seen as an existing Native American culture on the one hand and a vanished culture on the other?

26. Will powwows ever be enough to bring back older Native American cultures?