1. Perspective An Overview SLEIGHTS OF MIND SAIL PRESENTATION FEBRUARY 25, 2013 STERN AND LUSK

2. 1842-1910 William James: CONSCIOUSNESS According to James, consciousness is the starting place of all psychology; the most crucial aspect of human mentality. But, it was a phenomenon too familiar to be given a definition. James believed that everyone took themselves to be possessors of conscious states that were accessible by introspection—the most fundamental of all the postulates of psychology. “I would discard all curious inquiries about its certainty as too metaphysical…” Principles of Psychology, 1890

3. Sigmund Freud 1856 - 1939 “What is meant by consciousness we need not discuss; it is beyond all doubt.”

4. Perspectives will both facilitate & constrain perception

5. 1842-1910 William James: ATTENTION “Everyone knows what attention is. It is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought. Focalization, concentration, of consciousness are of its essence. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others.” Principles of Psychology, 1890

6. The Burke Theorem Kenneth Burke Literary Philosopher 1897-1993 “A way of seeing is also a way of not seeing - a focus upon object A involves a neglect of object B.”

14. Visual Illusions

15. Believing is Seeing

17. Jesus Fishstick

18. Jesus Potato Chip

19. Madonna Toast

20. Nun in a Bun

21. Faces... Everywhere

22. Face on Mars

24. Happy Face on Mars

25. Believing is Seeing

27. Allport & Postman

28. Believing is Seeing Priming

29. Cowboy crossing the creek

32. Priming Michael Shermer Priming

34. Seeing is Deceiving

35. Linear Perspective

36. Visual Illusions

37. Shapiro Lab Illusions

38. Seeing is Deceiving Cartography - Blue & Red

39. Seeing is Deceiving The Peters map