1. The Rhythm of Poetry: Syllable - Poetic feet - Meter

2. Syllables English words have clear syllables. We can usually divide words into syllables easily. We can also determine which syllables to emphasize, or “stress” in each word.  For example: Angel = AN-gel  (not an-GEL) Complete = com-PLETE  (not COM-plete)

3. More Syllables poem = PO-em……. (1 stressed + 1 unstressed) poetry = PO-e-try……. (1 stressed + 2 unstressed) relief = re-LIEF……. (1 unstressed + 1 stressed) recommend = re-com-MEND……. (2 unstressed + 1 stressed) discomfort = dis-COM-fort… (1 unstressed + 1 stressed + 1 unstressed) entertainment = en-ter-TAIN-ment (2 unstressed + 1 stressed + 1 unstressed)

4. Whose woods these are I think I know His house is in the village though He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow A look at structure…

5. Metric Patterns - Meter u / u / u / u / Whose woods│these are │I think │I know u / u / u / u / His house │is in │the vil │lage though u / u / u / u / He will │not see │me stop │ping here u / u / u / u / To watch │his woods │fill up │with snow

6. Scansion (1) the act of scanning, or analyzing poetry in terms of its rhythmic components (2) the graphic representation, indicated by marked accents, feet, etc., of the rhythm of a line or lines of verse –You may have seen scansion marks like the following: The curved lines are “unstressed” syllables while the straight slashes are “stressed” 

7. Poetic Meter Meters are the rhythms within poems. stressed Meters are the arrangement of stressed/ unstressed syllables to occur at apparently equal intervals. Metered verse has prescribed rules as to the number and placement of syllables used per line.

8. Poetic Foot A poetic foot A poetic foot is a repeated sequence of rhythm comprised of two or more stressed and/or unstressed syllables. Poetic meterpoetic feetPoetic meter is comprised of poetic feet

9. Five main patterns to poetic feet: 1. Iambic 2. Trochaic 3. Anapestic 4. Dactylic 5. Spondaic

10. Iambic pattern 1 unstressed syllable followed by 1 stressed syllable EXAMPLES:EXAMPLES: POSE –repose (re-POSE) LIEF –belief (be-LIEF) PLETE –complete (com-PLETE)

11. Trochaic Pattern 1 stressed syllable 1 stressed syllable followed by 1 unstressed syllable EXAMPLES:EXAMPLES: –garland (GAR-land) –speaking (SPEAK-ing) –value (VAL-ue)

12. Anapestic pattern 2 unstressed syllables followed by 1 stressed syllable EXAMPLES:EXAMPLES: road – on the road RUPT –interrupt (in-ter-RUPT) bridgeddicteer radelee –unabridged, contradict, engineer, masquerade, Galilee

13. Dactylic pattern 1 stressed syllable 1 stressed syllable followed by 2 unstressed syllables EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: –happiness (HAP-pi-ness) –galloping (GAL-lop-ing) –forSatdafmur rhap –fortunate, Saturday, daffodil, murmuring, rhapsody

14. Spondaic Pattern All syllables have equal stress EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE: –Heartbreak –“Out, out…” –"pen-knife," "ad hoc," "heartburn"

15. The I ambic foot most commonThe iamb = ( 1 unstressed syllable + 1 stressed syllable ) is the most common poetic foot in English verse. iambic foot examples:iambic foot examples: –behold –destroy –the sun (articles such as “the” would be considered unstressed syllables) –and watch (conjunctions such as and would be considered unstressed syllables)

16. iambic feet Lines containing iambic feet Behold / and watch / the sun / destroy / and grow (5 iambs) When I / do COUNT / the CLOCK / that TELLS / the TIME [Shakespeare’s Sonnet 12] (5 iambs) Shall I / compare /thee to / a sum / mer's day? [Shakespeare’s Sonnet 12] (5 iambs) Come live/ with me/ and be/ my love (4 iambs) (poem by Christopher Marlowe)

17. Trochaic poem: Trochaic poem: a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed one Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's “The Song of Hiawatha” By the / shores of / Gitche / Gumee, By the / shining / Big-Sea /-Water, Stood the / wigwam / of No / komis, Daughter / of the / Moon, No / komis. Dark behind it rose the forest, Rose the black and gloomy pine-trees, Rose the firs with cones upon them; Bright before' it beat the water, Beat the clear and sunny water, Beat the shining Big-Sea-Water.

18. Anapestic poetry : 2 unstressed syllables + 1 stressed one Limericks contain anapestic meter (in blue) A Limerick by Edward Lear: There was / an Old Man / with a beard, Who said, "It is just / as I feared! Two Owls / and a Hen, Four Larks / and a Wren, Have all / built their nests / in my beard!"

19. Dactylic poem: 1 stressed + 2 unstressed Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred, Lord Tennyson Half a league, / half a league, Half a league / onward, All in the / valley of / Death Rode the / six hundred. "Forward, the / Light Brigade! Charge for the / guns!" he said: Into the / valley of / Death Rode the / six hundred.

20. Spondaic Spondaic Poem : 2 equal syllables a serious poem cannot be solely spondaicBecause of this nature of the spondee, a serious poem cannot be solely spondaic. entirely of stressed syllablesIt would be almost impossible to construct a poem entirely of stressed syllables. usually occurs within a poem Therefore, the spondee usually occurs within a poem having another dominant rhythm scheme.

21. One Foot = Monometer Two Feet = Dimeter Three Feet = Trimeter Four Feet= Tetrameter Five Feet= Pentameter Six Feet= Hexameter Seven Feet= Heptameter Eight Feet= Octameter Metrical Feet

22. Type + Number = Meter Types of Poetic Feet I ambic (1 unstressed + 1 stressed) Trochaic (1 stressed + 1 unstressed) Anapestic (2 unstressed + 1 stressed) Dactylic (1 stressed + 2 unstressed) Spondaic (all syllables equal) Number of feet per line Monometer Dimeter Trimeter Tetrameter Pentameter Hexameter

23.  Caesura –A pause in the meter or rhythm of a line –Flood-tide below me! || I see you face to face!  Enjambement –A run-on line, continuing into the next without a grammatical break –Green rustlings, more-than-regal charities Drift coolly from that tower of whispered light CADENCE : The melodic pattern just before the end of a sentence or phrase--for instance an interrogation or an exhortation. More generally, the natural rhythm of language depending on the position of stressed and unstressed syllables. A cadence group is a coherent group of words spoken as a single rhythmical unit, such as a prepositional phrase, "of parting day" or a noun phrase, "our inalienable rights." Other Metrical Terms

24. Meters & Feet Q: 1 foot per line iambic Q: If a poem had 1 foot per line, and the foot was iambic ( 1 unstressed + 1 stressed), what type of poem would it be? A: monometer A: Iambic monometer

25. Meters & Feet Q: 2 feet per line iambic Q: If a poem had 2 feet per line, and the foot was iambic ( 1 unstressed + 1 stressed), what type of poem would it be? A: dimeter A: Iambic dimeter

26. Meters & Feet Q: 3 feet per line iambic Q: If a poem had 3 feet per line, and the foot was iambic ( 1 unstressed + 1 stressed), what type of poem would it be? A: trimeter A: Iambic trimeter

27. Meters & Feet Q: 4 feet per line iambic Q: If a poem had 4 feet per line, and the foot was iambic ( 1 unstressed + 1 stressed), what type of poem would it be? A: tetrameter A: Iambic tetrameter

28. Meters & Feet Q: 5 feet per line iambic Q: If a poem had 5 feet per line, and the foot was iambic ( 1 unstressed + 1 stressed), what type of poem would it be? A: pentameter A: Iambic pentameter

29. Meters & Feet Q: 3 feet per line trochaic Q: If a poem had 3 feet per line, and the foot was trochaic (1 stressed + 1 unstressed ), what type of poem would it be? A: tetrameter A: Trochaic tetrameter

30. 1.Once upon a midnight dreary 2.Leaf again, life again 3.Because I could not stop for Death, he kindly stopped for me 4.How do I love thee? Let me count the ways 5.I am called to the front of the room Metrical Feet

31. Once upon a midnight dreary –trochaic tetrameter Leaf again, life again –dactylic dimeter Because I could not stop for Death, he kindly stopped for me –iambic heptameter Metrical Feet

32. How do I love thee? Let me count the ways –iambic pentameter I am called to the front of the room –anapestic trimeter Metrical Feet

33. Go ahead… experiment with different metric styles in your own poetry!