1. The Pelvic Girdle

2. Pelvic Girdle
The pelvic girdle (ilium, ischium and pubis) provides support and protection to the abdominal organs and transmits force from the head, arms, and trunk to the lower extremities

3. Pelvic Girdle Joints Seven joints are formed by the pelvic bones:
Lumbosacral (1)
Sacroiliac (2)
Sacrococcygeal (1)
Pubis Symphysis (1)
Acetabulofemoral (2)

4. Pelvic Girdle Joints Lumbosacral Joint
The articulation between the L5 vertebral body and the body of the first sacral segment
Sacroiliac Joint
The articulation between the the sacrum and the ilium (synovial joint)
Sacrococcygeal Joint
The articulation between the sacrum and the coccyx

5. Pelvic Girdle Joints Pubic Symphysis
The midline joint uniting the two pubic bones
Acetabulofemoral Joint
The ball-and-socket joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum

6. Pelvic Girdle
The hip joint is the most structurally stable, yet mobile, single joint in the body.
The pelvis attaches to the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint, which in turn attaches to the spine.

7. Lumbar Pelvic Rhythm
Coordinated movement between the trunk (thoracic and lumbar vertebrae), the pelvis, and the hip joints

8. Movements of the Pelvis
Anterior Tilt
Can be created by a protruding abdomen and is defined as forward tilting and downward movement of the pelvis
Posterior Tilt
Flattening of the low back, trunk extension, and pelvis moves posterior
Elevation
Elevating the pelvis without picking the foot off the floor
Depression
Rotation

9. Lower Cross Syndrome
Top of pelvis rotates forward and spine is pulled forward
Imagine your pelvis as a bucket of water, and you were to pour water onto your toes, that would involve the bucket of water tilting forward and down. That is what's referred to as an Anterior Pelvic Tilt.
This is common and correlates to lower back pain

10. Lower Cross Syndrome
Often coincides with forward head. Some of the contributors include poor body mechanics, pregnancy, and weight gain.  
Visual Signs: Increased curvature of low back (lumbar)  
Pain is often felt in the low back, pelvis, hips and thighs.  

11. Lower Cross Syndrome Tight Muscles: Weak Muscles: Gluteus Maximus
Iliopsoas
Rectus Femoris of Quadriceps
Lumbar Erectors
Quadratus Lumborum
Hip Adductors:
Results in internal rotation of femur and will shorten the hip adductors
Weak Muscles:
Gluteus Maximus
Hamstrings (Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus)
Deep Abdominal Wall

12. Corrective Exercises for Lower Cross Syndrome
Postural Cueing
Stretch the tight muscles:
Iliopsoas
Quadriceps
Lumbar Erectors
Hip Adductors
Strengthen the weak muscles:
Posterior Pelvic Tilt
SB Bridges
Plank
Tube Walking
Lunges
Single-leg squat

13. Posterior Pelvic Tilt
Most often caused by poor body mechanics when standing, slouching or seated
Visual signs: Decreased curvature in low back (flat back), buttocks tilted down or tucked under
Pain is often felt in the lumbar spine due to increased spinal compression

14. Tight Muscles: Posterior Pelvic Tilt Weak Muscles: Hip Flexors
Psoas Major
Iliacus
Rectus Femoris
Tensor Fascia Latae
Sartorius
Tight Muscles:
Rectus Abdominis
Hamstrings
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

15. Corrective Exercises for a Posterior Pelvic Tilt
Strengthen the weak muscles:
Walking
Cycling
Elliptical Trainer
SB Jackknife
Postural Cueing
Stretch the tight
muscles:
Rectus Abdominis
Hamstrings

16. Pelvic Girdle Movement
Pelvic Motion
Trunk Motion
Hip Motion
Anterior Pelvic Tilt
Extension
Flexion
Posterior Pelvic Tilt