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The Nervous System Lesson 1: An Overview. Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to …  List the functions of the nervous system.  Identify.

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Presentation on theme: "The Nervous System Lesson 1: An Overview. Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to …  List the functions of the nervous system.  Identify."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Nervous System Lesson 1: An Overview

2 Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to …  List the functions of the nervous system.  Identify and discuss the structures that make up the central nervous system.  Explain how nerve impulses are transmitted.

3  State the functions of the peripheral nervous system, the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system, and distinguish the differences between each.  Explain the delicate balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

4  Central Nervous System (CNS) ◦ Brain ◦ Spinal Cord

5  Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) ◦ Peripheral nerves ◦ Cranial nerves

6  PNS receives sensory information  Information goes to the CNS  The CNS tells the PNS to carry out movement and body functions

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8  Control body’s functions  impulse is transmitted from the neural cell body to muscle or organ  Usually have several dendrites and only one axon.

9  covered with fatty insulating substance  myelin sheath  Myelin increases the speed at which impulses are transmitted along the axon.

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11  Axons may be several feet long  Dendrites resemble tree branches and are unsheathed

12  Lack true dendrites,  Sheathed  resemble axons Motor Neuron Sensory Neuron

13  Transmit impulses to the CNS.  CNS activates motor neurons  Respond to sensory information.

14  located entirely within the CNS  Work between sensory and motor neurons

15  Myelinated sheaths ◦ inner sheath of myelin ◦ outer sheath of Schwann cells ◦ Schwann cells are needed for regenerating a damaged nerve  Unmyelinated sheaths

16  bundled unit of fibers

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18  Group of nerve fibers in CNS  The spinal cord ◦ Afferent =ascend to the brain ◦ Efferent = descend from the brain The Brain  largest nerve tract is corpus callosum  joins the right and left hemispheres

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20 Solely comprised of the brain and spinal cord.

21  Parts of the brain

22  Largest mass of nervous tissue  Three meninges: ◦ Pia Mater ◦ Arachnoid ◦ Dura Mater

23  Controls body functions and movement  specific areas of the brain  Generates thought  memory and emotion

24  REPORT ON REPORTER REPORT ON REPORTER

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26  Largest part of brain  Controls higher thought processes  Outer layer is cerebral cortex  left and right halves called cerebral hemispheres

27  has four lobes

28  Stores memories and creates emotions

29  Contains ◦ midbrain ◦ pons ◦ medulla oblongata (Connects brain [pons] to spinal cord)  Relay information ◦ visual ◦ auditory

30  Located in the back of the skull  Second largest portion of the brain  Coordinates voluntary and involuntary movement  Adjusts muscles to maintain posture

31 Label and color the brain

32  Connects the brain with the peripheral nerves  surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid

33  encased in the vertebral column (backbone)  four divisions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral  Spinal nerves exit through foramina (openings)

34 1. What do you think is the purpose of cerebrospinal fluid?

35  Circulates around the brain and spinal cord  Provides cushioning and protection  Contains nourishment  Contains neurotransmitters

36  http://www.raptorpharma.com/science_neur otrans.html http://www.raptorpharma.com/science_neur otrans.html

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38  12 pairs of cranial nerves

39  Olfactory – provides sense of smell  Optic – provides vision  Trigeminal –sensory input from the face  Facial – controls the muscles of the face and scalp

40  Vestibulocochlear–hearing and equilibrium  Glossopharyngeal – provides general sense of taste  Vagus – controls muscles of the digestive, slowing of heartbeat

41  Pair up  Different stations

42  Responsible for controlling involuntary bodily functions  divides ◦ sympathetic ◦ parasympathetic

43  fight or flight ◦ increased alertness ◦ Increase metabolic rate

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45  the adrenal gland releases epinephrine that causes adrenaline rush

46  conserve energy  innervate the digestive system  decrease in metabolism  Decrease in bodily functions

47  Impulses are transmitted between neurons via chemicals called neurotransmitters

48  Anesthesiologist  Neurologist  Neurosurgeon  Psychiatrist  Psychologist

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