1. ‘Father of the Constitution’ James Madison Abby Bilenkin, Nicholas Cooper, Phoebe Lai, Angela Wang Also known as the face on the $5000 bill (fun fact of the day!)

2. ART THOU MAD, SON?

3. Life before presidency ●Born: March 16, 1751, Port Conway, Virginia ●Education: College of New Jersey (now Princeton University, graduated 1771) ●Marriage: September 15, 1794, to Dolley Payne Todd ●No children (one raised from Dolley’s first marriage) Dolley Payne

4. Early Political Career Began politics in VA State Legislature in order to reform & help the people Worked with Madison to draft VA’s Statute of Religious Freedom 177617781784 VA Convention VA Council of State VA House of Delegates 1789→ Responsible for Constitutional Convention Const. Conv.: ●Authored VA Plan ●Persuaded VA to give up their NW territory to Congress ●Drafted Constitution (AKA Father of Constitution) 1787 with GW until policies aligned w/ Federalists. 17931800→ w/ Jefferson→ Democrat- Republicans Jefferson President, Madison Secretary of State

5. ●Presidential Terms: 4th President of the United States (1809–1813; 1813-1817) ●Political Affiliation: Democratic-Republican ●Died: June 28, 1836, Montpelier, Orange County, Virginia Presidential Career

6. Ran with: George Clinton as VP (supported for Jefferson) for the Republicans Against: Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of the Federalist Party with Rufus King as VP Won with a 122 to 47 electoral vote 1st Election: 1808 George ClintonCharles Pinckney

7. Issues: Shaky pre-term Foreign Relations French vs Brits: US caught in crossfire Impressment: British forced/enslaved US merchants to join British navy Chesapeake-Leopard Incident (June 22, 1807) o British warship Leopard fired at US frigate Chesapeake, looking for Brit. Navy deserters o US captain of Chesapeake surrenders & Brits take 4 U.S men hostage ●UPROAR! Partly responsible for Madison’s decision to declare War of 1812 British warship Leopard fires at US frigate Chesapeake

8. Shaky Pre-term Foreign Policies Jefferson’s Embargo act: prevented U.S ships from trading overseas → economic depression o Replaced by 1809 Non-Intercourse Act just before Madison’s term (allowed ships to trade everywhere but France and England) o Offered to continue trade if Britain & France respected US neutrality...they didn’t. Madison’s attempt: Macon’s Bill # 2… (next slide)

9. 1st term Issue (1808): Foreign Trade Madison signed Macon’s Bill #2 (1810): removed all France & Brit. trade restrictions as long as they respected neutrality o Looked good on paper; Napoleon claimed to respect neutrality...but he lied. o Repealed his naval blockade on Britain so he could use US ships instead o This would end neutrality ●Macon’s Bill #2 didn’t work...and ultimately couldn’t prevent war

10. Re-election of 1812 ●Ran against DeWitt Clinton and Jared Ingersoll ●VP: Elbridge Gerry ●Won with a 128 to 89 electoral vote total, and won all Southern States Jared Ingersoll Elbridge Gerry DeWitt Clinton

11. 2nd term issues: War Hawks War Hawks = Western congressmen eager for land o demanded US to declare war on GB, expel Spanish from Florida, invade Canada Madison yields to War Hawks - US declares war o Ended in disaster: War Hawk’s quick move to attack Canada ended in surrender & most NW territory falls to British

12. 1814: After defeating Napoleon, Brits go offensive o Brit ships raided ports from Georgia to Maine o Stopped only in Baltimore: Brits couldn’t blast past Fort McHenry DC captured and burned by Brits in 1814 Although Madison vowed to rebuild capital, attack was a heavy blow to US 2nd Term Issue - British Offense +Capture of Capital

13. 2nd Term Issue: End of the War of 1812 Ratification of Treaty of Ghent ended war, brought back pre-war status quo Began Era of Good Feelings - less fighting between parties, more patriotism Although Americans suffered many losses during war, treaty outcome was relatively favorable for them Treaty of Ghent

14. 2nd Term Issue: Rechartering Bank of US Hamilton’s 1st Bank charter expired in 1811 after 20 years As Republican, Madison opposed 1st Bank (creation of national banks not in Bill of Rights) o Felt no need to renew 1st Bank but to recharter (opposed by conservatives & state bankers) No bank = BAD NEWS: US in massive debt after War of 1812 o To deal with debt, private banks issue paper banknotes → major inflation ●1816: Madison learns he needs one, and recharters the Bank! ●Overall: Madison’s delay of the bank recharter took a long time to solve problems but successfully implement 2nd Bank of US

15. Wise Words “Philosophy is common sense with big words” -James Madison = +

16. Works Cited Kelly, Martin. "James Madison-4th President of the United States." About.com. About.com, n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2013. "James Madison." The White House. The White House, n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2013. "Miller Center." American President: James Madison: Domestic Affairs. University of Virginia, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2013. "War of 1812." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2013 "War of 1812 Evaluation." War of 1812 Evaluation. The National Society United State Daughters, 29 Aug. 2012. Web. 11 Dec. 2013.