1. November 18, 2008  What caused WWI to begin?  Map Discussion  M.A.I.N. causes  Assassination of the Arch Duke  The Battles  Homework:  Ch. 19 Section 1 Part 2

2. Rough Drafts due Dec. 3 rd  Things to keep in mind:  You always indent the first sentence of each paragraph  Never use “I” in a formal paper  Proofread your paper and have someone else read it too  Do not use contractions (they’re, won’t, don’t, can’t, etc…)

3. Terms for Section 1  Militarism, Alliance System, Imperialism, Nationalism  Archduke Franz Ferdinand  Domino Effect  Battle of Marne  Battle of Ypres  Battle of Verdun  Battle of Somme  Battle of Tannenburg

4. THE GREAT WAR

5. Nationalism  devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nations  Various ethnic groups resented domination by others and longed for independence  Small nations looked to larger nations for protection

6. Another Look at Nationalism  a sense of greatness of who they were  patriotism + sense of superiority that calls for the conquering of the inferior

7. Imperialism  European nations building empires, extending their control over various peoples of the world  As Germany industrialized, it competed with France and Britain in a contest for colonies

8.  By 1890, the strongest nation on the European continent was Germany, which had set up an army reserve system that drafted and trained young men

9.  Britain was initially alarmed by Germany’s military expansion  As an island, British always relied on naval power (strongest in the world)

10.  Wilhelm II, Germany’s Kaiser, said that his nation should become a major sea power in order to compete successfully against British

11.  British & German shipyards compete to build the largest battleships and destroyers  France, Italy, Japan, & U.S. join naval arms race

12. Let’s Meet the Powers  Great Britain  France  Russia  Germany  Ottoman Empire  Austria-Hungary

13. Alliance System  Designed to keep the balance of power in Europe  By 1907 there were two major defense alliances:  The Triple Entente (the Allies)- France, Britain, and Russia  The Triple Alliance - Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

14.  Alliances provided international security as nations were reluctant to disturb the balance of power  It would later cause a “Great War”

15. The “Powder Keg”  The Balkan Peninsula:  World Powers fighting over land for years  Russia wanted warm water route  Germany wanted rail link  Austria-Hungary wanted to expand  France and Great Britain wanted Ottoman Empire to remain

16. Events of Leading to War  June 28  Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated  July 28  Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia

17.  July 30  Russia mobilizes; France sends troops close to German border  July 31  Germany sends the “Blank Check” to Austria-Hungary

18. August 1 France & Germany fully mobilize; Germany declares war on Russia August 3 France and Germany declare war on each other

19. August 4 Germany invades Belgium; Great Britain and Belgium declare war on Germany August 6 Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia

20. Domino Effect Review:  Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia  Serbia’s big brother (Russia) joins the fight  Germany declares war on France  Germany attacks through Belgium  Great Britain declares war on Germany

21. The Schlieffen Plan

22. The Pinwheel Movement  Germany’s plan of attack  Both offensive and defensive  Relied on rapid defeat of France  Russian army take 6 weeks to mobilize  Avoiding two-front war  Violated Belgium’s neutrality

23.  Enticing French by putting men at the border  While French focus on them, the largest portion of German army come behind them

24. Problems  Underestimated Speed of the French  Did not understand the difficulty of communication to its many armies  Not all commanders going according to plan

25. France Plan XVII

26. The Plan  Recapture land lost in the Lorraine Gap  Go south, through the Lorraine Gap, and attack the Germans  PROBLEM:  Didn’t count on Germans going through Belgium

27. The Battles  Marne  Ypres  Verdun  Somme  Tennenburg

28. Battle of the Marne  September 5–9, 1914  Marne River, East of Paris  Stopped Germany’s rapid advance  Prevented the fall of Paris  Set the stage for trench warfare

30.  Battle of Ypres: The first time Germany used chemical weapons on a large scale on the Western Front

31. Battle of Verdun  Feb. 21–Dec. 18, 1916  Verdun, France, 120 miles east of Paris  Demoralized both sides  First extensive use of the flamethrower  Longest Battle

33. Battle of the Somme  July 1–Nov. 18, 1916  Somme River, France  Drew Germans away from Verdun  Tactics became more sophisticated and supply lines became more efficient  First use of tanks (British)

35. Battle of Tannenberg  Russian Empire Versus German Empire  17 August and 2 September 1914.  The battle resulted in the almost complete destruction of the Germans  Series of battles keeping stalemate on Eastern Front.

37. “No Man’s Land”  Long strip of land pounded by artillery (the space between the trenches  Armies dug rat infested trenches  Soldiers charge enemy to be attacked by machine gun fire  fighting for yards of land for 3 years