1. Reservoir volumes of water

2. Ice volume & equivalent water depth

3. The geoid – mean “sea level” Map prior to satellite records

4. Modern geoid (SL) – areas of high variability

5. SL variability greatest near major currents Gulf Stream and Loop Current

6. Oceanographic Satellites 1978 SEASAT sea-surface temperature and chlorophyll (productivity) 1992 TOPEX & JASON

7. Geometry of satellite altimetry Defining the geoid

8. TOPEX

9. TOPEX Dynamic Topography

10. TOPEX

11. TOPEX Wave Height

12. Mean dynamic topography, Atlantic

13. Gulf Stream rings

14. Dynamic topography Satellite tracks across the Gulf Stream

15. Ice and isostasy The basic idea has been around for a while

16. RSL over last 5 ka variable response globally

17. Submerging coasts > 2 mm / yr

18. Local effects shoreline configuration Greater hydro-isostatic depression for promontory

19. Local effects on apparent sea level Increased tidal range within an embayment

20. Choose your RSL curve North America Away from the big ice

21. North America northern areas

22. Modeling the forebulge Local to regional effect

23. Retreat of the forebulge

24. RSL Atlantic Coast of Canada

25. RSL Europe

26. RSL East Asia

27. Global pattern of RSL >50 yrs Tide-gauge records

28. Isostatic rebound

29. Regional RSL curves Great Britain

30. Global tectonic effects on RSL 1 Ma to 100 Ma

31. Timing of late Quaternary highstands A.Chappell & Shackleton 1986 B. Shackleton 1987 C. Bloom & Yonekura 1990

32. Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea Shoreline terraces preserved by uplift

33. Earthquakes on the Huon Peninsula

34. Huon Peninsula text

35. Cutting coastal terraces Several options for the same terrace setting

36. Stage 5e on the Huon Peninsula The “prominent terrace”

37. Late Quaternary highstand reference points Barbados Huon Peninsula

38. Huon Peninsula record compared with the marine isotope record Chronology – close enough?

39. The Fairbanks curve U-series on corals from Barbados