1. 1 Forests, Ag., Carbon, and Risk “Chronicle of a Storm Foretold ” EKO Asset Management Partners 1

2. 2 The Ecosystem Services Provisioning Food Fiber Genetic resources Biochemicals Fresh Water Cultural Services Spiritual and religious values Aesthetic values Recreation and ecotourism 2

3. 3 The Ecosystem Services Regulating Services Air quality regulation Climate regulation Water regulation Erosion regulation Water purification Waste treatment Disease regulation Pest regulation Pollination Natural hazard regulation 3

4. 4 Who are we Really? 4

5. 55 We Know the Problem... We are experiencing global climatic disruption The disruption and its impacts are growing more rapidly than “the scientific consensus” predicted Serious harm is occurring as a result We know what is causing it - GHG emissions - and emissions are growing faster than we thought We need to both reduce energy-related GHG emissions AND increase uptake of CO2 by land-based sinks

6. 6 “Green Carbon” 6 Forests, agriculture and soil carbon offsets have historically been excluded from the carbon market Green carbon is now considered part of the solution: International recognition that forestry and ag carbon make up 25-30% of global GHG problem (around 6-7% in the US) Green carbon a major part of proposed federal carbon market and already a part of California’s compliance market Ag states and interests have a powerful voice in US legislative process - used it to shape the Waxman-Markey Bill, changing the politics of climate change

7. 77

8. 8 Agriculture is Central Issue 8

9. 9 A More Inexpensive Solution... 9

10. 10 Role of Forests, Soil and Ag Play a crucial role both as source of emissions and sinks (sequester emissions) Landowners and farmers are critical stakeholders in the political process As a sink, have a tremendous role to play in balancing carbon flows: Reducing emissions is not enough Need to reduce atmospheric concentrations of CO2 Sinks are a key part of the solution to reverse build up of GHG’s As part of a market based solution to climate change, green carbon tons are under-utilized

11. 11 Creating a Carbon Credit 11 Project design Validation of project design Registration of project Monitoring of project activity Verification of project Issuance of credits

12. 12 Types of Offsets for Investment 12 Agricultural practice changes Conservation tillage / No-till Crop rotations Modified fertilizer techniques Winter cover crops Perennial crops Biochar Forestry Sustainable forest management Afforestation / Reforestation Avoided deforestation Other land-use changes Grasslands restoration Rangeland management Wetlands restoration / peat bogs

13. 13 Ag Methodologies Submitting methodologies for soil, rangeland management in next few months (VCS, ACR) Agricultural practice methodologies further away (Biochar, Soil, other) Only existing methodologies on ag are in the CCX and Alberta CCX methodologies have been widely criticized and not likely to survive untouched Working with coalition of scientists, NGOs, agricultural concerns, and others to generate workable methodologies (C-AGG) 13

14. 14 Standards and Methodologies CAR, ACR, VCS CAR Protocols for Forestry Afforestation Sustainable forestry management Forest conservation No protocols yet on Ag CAR in the process of commissioning “White Paper” that could lead to protocol Broader networks/coalition (C, T, and M- AGG) 14

15. 15 In Short... We see two key trends: US building a $100b carbon market from scratch Renewed interest in “Green Carbon” (i.e. forests, soil, and agriculture as sources and sinks) EKO will work with clients to help them profit from these trends, opportunities that may soon disappear

16. 16 Galileo Galilei “What greater stupidity can be imagined than calling jewels, silver, and gold ‘precious’ and earth and soil ‘base’? People who do this ought to remember that if there were a greater scarcity of soil as of jewels or precious metals, there would not be a prince who would not spend a bushel of diamonds... to have enough soil to plant a jasmine in a little pot, or to sow an orange seed and watch it sprout, grow and produce its handsome leaves, it fragrant flowers, its fine fruit.”

17. 17 “In theory there is no difference between theory and practice.... In practice there is.” Yogi Berra

18. 18 Where are We? 18

19. 19 Where are We? 19

20. 20 Where are We? 20