1. A Divided Nation Chapter Review, Chapter Fifteen

2. There were many reasons for the Civil War.  Many people think it was a war over slavery and although slavery was one of the reasons for the Civil War, it was not the only reason.

3. I. Social Differences In the North… - many changes taking place in the years before 1860 - population grew rapidly - cities were important - immigrant population grew - education was more widespread

4. In the South… - the white population grew very slowly - small farms were the norm - large numbers of slaves

5. Two ways of life… back-breaking labor or factory labor.

6. II. Economic Differences  South  - mostly agricultural  - economy dependent on large plantations  - slave labor needed  - economic ideas changed slowly  - imported most of its manufactured goods  - against high tariffs  - against federal banks & spending  North  - industrialized  - cities grew  - work performed by hired workers  - loans needed  - wanted federal aid for transportation  - favored high tariffs on imported goods  - favored federal banks & spending

7. III. Political Differences In the early years, North and South had similar political views. -constitutional form of government - limits on gov. officials and actions - representative form of government - states took care of their affairs, while federal gov. took care of national problems

8. States’ Rights - one view was these rights were above those of the federal government - as the debate over slavery grew, southern leaders embraced the idea of states’ rights

9. Federal Supremacy - the view was that the federal government helped promote national unity and progress - Supreme Court emphasized supremacy of the federal gov. over the governments of the states

10. Slavery - demand for slaves grew after the invention of the cotton gin (more farmers turned to growing cotton; gave up other crops) - demand for slaves grew after the invention of the cotton gin (more farmers turned to growing cotton; gave up other crops) - there were approximately 1 million slaves in the U.S. in 1808 when Congress stopped the importation of slaves - there were approximately 1 million slaves in the U.S. in 1808 when Congress stopped the importation of slaves - by 1850, there were 3 million slaves - by 1850, there were 3 million slaves - ten years later, there were 4 million slaves - ten years later, there were 4 million slaves

11. Slave jobs - given a variety of tasks, not just field workers - mines, railroads, blacksmiths, and carpenters - on plantations, they were household servants and field hands

12. Slave Codes - meant to control slaves - meant to control slaves - not allowed to read and write - not allowed to read and write - travel restricted - travel restricted - punishments were common for even the - punishments were common for even the smallest infraction smallest infraction

13. Slave Protests - no rights, but worked against the slavery system… - no rights, but worked against the slavery system… found comfort in religion found comfort in religion made up songs made up songs slowed their work and damaged tools slowed their work and damaged tools participated in revolts, which often failed participated in revolts, which often failed escaped, a dangerous journey, sometimes escaped, a dangerous journey, sometimes using the Underground Railroad using the Underground Railroad

14. Abolitionists - Sojourner Truth and Frederick Douglass were free blacks who worked to end slavery and for equal treatment for black people.

15. Slavery & Politics - before 1840, slavery was kept out of national politics - major parties, Democrats & Whigs got their support from all over the country -arguments for & against slavery were proposed by authors and reformers, not politicians

16. The Missouri Compromise, part 1 - representatives in Congress had looked out for the interests of their own states - slave and free states had been admitted in equal numbers, but an uneasy balance of power in the Senate existed Missouri wanted statehood; bill proposed that would outlaw slavery & free those already held there

17. Missouri Compromise, part 2 - this would give the North an advantage in the Senate - Henry Clay proposed admission as a slave state - Maine would be added as a free state now that it was no longer part of Massachusetts - no slavery below latitude 36-30 - settled the slavery issue for over 25 years

18. Popular Sovereignty slavery came up again as we expanded and especially after the Mexican War Wilmot proposed no slavery in new territories; it failed popular sov. was a plan for each territory to decide the slavery issue for themselves this did not settle the question for long

19. Free-Soil Party Democrats & Whigs still not taking a stand against slavery. brought slavery to national politics wanted no slavery in new territories wanted free homesteads for settlers wanted federal money for internal improvements A new party, the Free-Soil Party, was formed by those in both parties who were opposed to slavery.

20. Compromise of 1850, part 1 deadlocked now over the lands won in the Mexican War this could upset the balance of power in the Senate this compromise balanced Texas (slave) with California (free) popular sovereignty would determine the slavery status of the other territories lands given to New Mexico; Texas was given 10 million dollars by federal government for the land

21. Compromise of 1850, part 2 for antislavery forces, proposal called for no slavery in the District of Columbia for proslavery forces, proposal called for a Fugitive Slave Act – federal officers used to catch slaves bill passed after Pres. Taylor died thought to have settled the issue of slavery

22. The Road to Disunion Fugitive Slave Act Fugitive Slave Act Uncle Tom’s Cabin Uncle Tom’s Cabin Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas-Nebraska Act “Bleeding Kansas” “Bleeding Kansas” Election of 1856 Election of 1856 Dred Scott Case Dred Scott Case Lincoln-Douglas Debates Lincoln-Douglas Debates John Brown’s Raid John Brown’s Raid

23. Final Break Party conventions Party conventions Election of 1860 Election of 1860 Confederate States of America Confederate States of America --------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- The breaking point was now reached. The North and the South no longer believed it was possible to have the same political, social and economic systems. What will happen now? The breaking point was now reached. The North and the South no longer believed it was possible to have the same political, social and economic systems. What will happen now?