1. 1. Cause: Ships sailed from many African ports to Arabia, Persia, and India. Effect: By 1500, Africa had been linked to the rest of the world for centuries.

2. 2. Cause: The king of Ghana taxed all the gold and salt passing through his kingdom. Effect: He grew wealthy and was able to pay for an Army and build an empire.

3. 3. Cause: Muslim empires wanted to convert Ghana’s people and control the gold trade. Effect: A Muslim Army conquered Kumbi Saleh, weakening Ghana’s power.

4. 4. Cause: Mali was located farther south than Ghana. Effect: It was better able to control trade on the upper Niger River.

5. 5. Cause: The legend of Mali’s wealth spread to Europe. Effect: Europeans began to trade with Africa.

6. 6. Cause: Moroccan fighting force invaded Songhai with cannon and gunpowder. Effect: Moroccan troops quickly defeated the Songhai warriors.

7. 7. Cause: Benin was located on main trade routes. Effect: It grew prosperous.

8. Ghana West African empire that grew rich from taxing the gold and salt trade

9. Islam Religion with one God - Allah

10. Mali Most powerful West African state

11. Songhai West African empire with several Muslim rulers

12. Yoruba People who lived southwest of Niger River who were farmers and gifted artists