1. © 1 Physics in concert

2. © 2 Objectives To understand how engineers use physics to set up a concert LightingElectricitySound

3. © 3 Microphone Amplifier Mixing desk Sound A sound-system increases the volume of the sound. Speaker

4. © 4 Sound-system A microphone is used to turn the sound wave from the music on the stage into an electronic signal.

5. © 5 Sound-system The electronic signal is sent via a mixing desk to the amplifier, which boosts the signal.

6. © 6 Sound-system The signal is turned back in to a (louder) sound by the speakers. Ear

7. © 7 Sound-pitch Different musical instruments have different pitches. High pitch Low pitch

8. © 8 Sound-pitch High pitch sounds have a higher frequency High pitch Low pitch

9. © 9 Signals for three different sound waves are shown below. (i) which signal is from the loudest sound? (ii) which signal is from the highest pitch sound? Q1

10. © 10 Sound levels Sound levels are measured in decibels (dB) Safe noise exposure HoursSound Level (dB) 885 490 1100 1/4110 0120 120 dB or above can lead to instant hearing damage

11. © 11 Sound-speed Sound travels to the audience at a speed of 330 m/s Speed = distance ÷ time

12. © 12 Sound at a concert The speed of sound is 330 m/s. How long it takes sound to travel 40 m? Q2

13. © 13 Lighting at a concert Red, green and blue are used for stage lighting.

14. © 14 Lighting at a concert Red Green Blue Cyan Yellow Magenta Other colour effects can be produced by mixing these three lights.

15. © 15 Lighting at a concert The colour an object appears depends on the colours it absorbs or reflects.

16. © 16 Lighting at a concert The colour an object appears depends on the colours it absorbs or reflects.

17. © 17 Lighting at a concert An artist on stage wears a red T-shirt with a yellow star motif, and blue trousers. Complete the table showing how his costume appears under different colour lighting. Q3

18. © 18 Lighting at a concert

19. © 19 Lighting at a concert

20. © 20 Lighting at a concert

21. © 21 Lighting at a concert

22. © 22 Lighting at a concert

23. © 23 Lighting at a concert

24. © 24 Review: Colour mixing

25. © 25 Making electricity The electricity for outdoor concerts needs to be produced on-site using a generator. Generator

26. © 26 Supplying electricity Thick cables are used to carry large electrical currents to the sound and lighting systems. Plug-in points for sound or lighting equipment Generator Electrical cables

27. © 27 Electrical current The larger the current, the thicker the cable needed. The current in the cables can be calculated using the relationship current = power ÷ voltage

28. © 28 Electrical current A lamp with a power rating of 100 W. Calculate the current that flows when it is connected to a 240 V supply. Q4

29. © 29 Electrical circuits The lighting and sound systems are connected in parallel to the generators Generator Lamp 1 Lamp 2

30. © 30 Electrical circuits Explain the difference between a series and parallel circuit Q5

31. © 31 Engineers at a concert Different engineers are responsible for the sound, lighting and electrical systems. Sound EngineerElectrical EngineerLighting Engineer

32. © 32 Choose an artist Each person in your team will take on a different role But first you must choose the artist or group you will represent… 2 minutes

33. © 33 Select your role by looking at the key skills: 1 Creative Analytical Visual 2 Analytical Using diagrams Numerical 3 Spatially aware Analytical Numerical 2 minutes

34. © 34 Your role: 1 Lighting engineer 2 Electrical engineer 3 Sound engineer

35. © 35 Practice your skills Complete the practice your skills worksheet that goes with your role

36. © 36 Planning a concert Sound EngineerElectrical EngineerLighting Engineer You will need to complete the task and poster sheet that goes with your role

37. © 37 Artist requests Check the card to see what your artist has requested. Sound Level Performance area Satellite speaker distance

38. © 38 Sound engineers

39. © 39 Lighting engineers

40. © 40 Electrical engineers

41. © 41