1. Adoption of Web 2.0 tools in distance education
Yasemin KOÇAK USLUEL
Sacide Güzin MAZMAN
Hacettepe University, Faculty of Education
Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology
TURKIYE

2. Introduction
Providing interaction has always been an important issue in distance education.
For quality of learning, satisfaction of students and effective learning outcomes, necessity of different interaction forms as student-student, student-teacher, student-content, has been revealed by different technologies. 2

3. Purpose of Study
To explain possible educational utilization of Web 2.0 tools, namely blogs, wikis, podcasts and social networks, from the point of importance of interaction for distance education.
To investigate adoption process of Web 2.0 tools in distance education by defining theories and models which have different construct that effect this process.

4. Interaction in Distance Education
Technology plays a key role for;
promoting interaction
delivering education
communication between individuals
Technology plays a key role especially for promoting interaction, delivering education and providing communication between individuals.
Interaction in distance education is not limited to audio and video, or solely to teacher-student interactions, it must also represents the connectivity, the students’ feel with the distance teacher, aides, peers.

5. Interaction in Distance Education
Interaction in distance education is not limited to solely
audio and video
or only teacher-student interactions
Interaction must also represents
students’ connectivity feeling with
the distance teacher, aides, peers.

6. Web 1.0 Technologies WWW pages Discussion boards E-mail Multimedia
File Transfer Protocol FTP
Discussion boards
Multimedia
Softwares
One way communication,
Published content
Users as passive consumers
Internet as a different channel

7. Emerging technologies and changing pedagogies bring out the necessity for
more effective two way communication,
promoting interaction and collaboration,
sharing and flexible participation.

8. Web 2.0 Two way communication User generated content Openness
Easy sharing
Writing comment and feedback
Rich design
RSS feeding
Collective Intelligence

9. Web 2.0 Web 1.0 Distributed Centralized Syndication Stickiness
Folksonomy
Taxonomy
Tagging
Directories
Wikis
Content Management System
Participation
Publishing
Search engine optimization
Domain Host
Weblogs
Personal Web sites
Wikipedia
Britannica Online
Web 2.0
Web 1.0

10. Web 2.0 Tools in Distance Education
To fulfill the shortages of Web 1.0,
To provide more effective interaction and collaboration,
Investigation has been started in education, for the ways of using;
Blogs
Wikis
Podcasts
Social networks

11. Blogs
Online diaries
No technical skill, to create, publish and organize
Dated content, entries, comments, discussion in chronological order
Easy to use and flexible
RSS feature

12. Blogs in educational context
Enhance writing skills,
Faciliate self reflection,
Encourage critical thinking,
Provide collaborative and active learning,
Provide feedback,
E-portfolios that keep records of personal development.

13. Wiki Free open source software
Freely expandable collection of interlinked Web pages
Hypertext system for storing and modifying information
Database where each page is easily edited by any user.
Users can visit wiki, read and add content to wiki or update and organize content.

14. Wikis in educational context
Support collaborative learning and writing
Support project based and inquiry based learning
Promote creativity
Encourage critical searching
Provide easy online updating content
Wikis can be used as;
Classroom websites, course administration, timetabling
Online dictionary
Bibliographically organized class or group projects
Virtual classes for online collaboration
Frequently asked questions (FAQ) for classroom

15. Podcast
Podcast= iPod(portable digital audio player form apple) + broadcasting.
Basically digital audio programs that can be subscribed to and downloaded by users via RSS and listened to on either a variety of digital audio services or desktop computer.

16. Podcast in educational context
With mobile devices, as another variant of mobile learning.
Eliminating cost and time limitations of mobile learning
Reviewing lectures before exams
Listen in on classes missed lessons
Students can create their own podcasts for peers
Feel connected to learning community.

17. Social Networks Social networks are software that support;
Collaboration
Knowledge sharing
Interaction and communication of users from different places who come together with a common interest, need or goal.

18. Social Networks in Educational Context
Social networks can also be viewed as pedagogical tools as they support;
Information discovery and sharing,
Networks of people and connections
Informal learning
Creative, expressive forms of behavior and identity seeking,
Developing a range of digital illiteracies

19. Adoption of Web 2.0 Tools in Distance Education
There are different models and theories about diffusion, acceptance and adoption of an innovation.
Attitude
Intention
Subjective norm
Behavior
Normative belief
Usefulness perception
Ease of use perception
Grounded in socio physiological context and focused on internal decision processes at individual level.
Relative advantage
Complexity
Trialability
Observability
Compability
Visibility
Focused on features of innovation and diffusion of new among users in a system.

20. Adoption of Web 2.0 Tools in Distance Education
Adoption of Web 2.0 tools in distance education context contains many different dimensions, must be taken into consideration such as;
Social dimension (student, teacher and others)
Perception and efficacy of users
Media, technology access, cost,
Resources and services etc.,.

21. Theories and Models Diffusion of Innovation Theory (Rogers, 2003)
Theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein&Ajzen,1975)
Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991)
Technology Acceptance Model I and II (Davis, 1989; Venkatesh and Davis, 2000)
Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (Venkatesh et al., 2003)

22. Adoption of Web 2.0 Tools in Distance Education
When studying in Web 2.0 technologies and distance education context, it is necessary to consider both of the individual decision processes and features of innovation.
Instead of only one diffusion, adoption or acceptance theory and model it can be suggested to investigate Web 2.0 adoption within a holistic view.

23. “Distance Education” come into question in all levels of education.
Conclusion
Because of;
Continuos globalization of information
Learning independent from time and place
Need for cost effective and quality learning
Need for life long learning
“Distance Education” come into question in all levels of education.

24. Conclusion
Interaction between students, teacher, content etc. has been a major factor since beginning of distance education.
Developments in technology that provides interaction, has brought out necessity of continuous support for process.

25. Conclusion
As Web 2.0 technologies support interaction process, many advantages of them have also been a response for questions about adoption of these technologies in distance education.

26. Conclusion
Individuals’ acceptance and usage of technology in system is important for obtaining effective outcomes with these technologies.
There has been many studies in the framework of different models and theories in this field.

27. Conclusion
It can be suggested that utilization from various and different theories and research methods will strengthen the studies in this field.
While investigating adoption of these tools in distance education, researches for a holistic view by utilizing various theories and models like Venkatesh et al. (2003) may be needed.

28. Conclusion
Further researches could establish a new model by selecting appropriate constructs from previous models and theories and could examine the adoption of Web 2.0 tools in distance education, by considering both technological characteristics of technology and social factors in distance education as students, teacher etc.
Additionally, except from previous constructs, external new constructs can be included into this model.

29. Thank you