Excavation & Shoring Course

Excavation & Shoring Course
Developed for BECHTEL by Brad Maccarone

Course Content Unit 1: Introduction Unit 2: The Need for Excavation Training Unit 3: Controlling Excavation Risks Unit 4: Overview of Excavation Unit 5: Personal Protective Equipment and its’ Use Unit 6: Considerations for choosing a Method of Excavation Unit 7: Site Inspection Unit 8: Work Plans Unit 9: Backfilling Unit 10: Summary 1. Lead in with: “To achieve the learning outcomes the course has been broken into ten units”. 2. Then read each and explain in one or two sentences. 3.Acknowledge that everyone in this room has some experience in excavation. Tell them you want their input. This will let the group learn not only from the trainer but also the group as a whole.

Unit 1: Introduction Welcome House Keeping Overview Course Headings:
1. Discuss first three dot points 2. Fill out attendance list & enrolment form 3. Turn off phones, pages 4. Tell about breaks, lunch, toilets 5. Emergency assembly area 6. Introduce the handout materials (if applicable) 7. Read fourth dot point as a lead in to next slide

Aim of the Course To provide personnel with the knowledge and skills to be regarded as the Competent Person as described in the Bechtel SWPP 4MP-T 1. Read slide

Learning Outcomes Explain the need for excavation training
Identify the WH&S Act and Regulation Describe the process for controlling excavation risks Describe the purpose of a “Work Plan” IAW SWPP 4MP-T Identify the major steps of an excavation Describe the process for dealing with staff who refuse to use appropriate PPE Describe the requirement for the conduct of site inspections Identify factors that affect the stability of an excavation Describe the backfilling process in accordance with SWPP 4MP- T 1. Repeat each objectives in your own words.

DEFINITION of EXCAVATION
An Excavation is any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in the earth’s surface formed by earth removal. A trench is a narrow underground excavation that is deeper than it is wide, and no wider than 15 feet (4.5 meters)

Unit 2: Why Train in Trench Safety
A man has been rescued from a trench that collapsed in Melbourne's south-east earlier this morning. The 35-year-old construction worker spent almost two hours buried waist-deep in soil on a new estate in Pakenham. Fire crews were called to the scene just before 9am and used special equipment to dig out the man and stabilise the surrounding soil. (The Age – August 11, 2012) 1. Read slide 2. Ask group about the consequences to family 3. Ask group about the consequences to organisation 4. Ask group about the consequences to competent person on site. 5. Ask group what questions the investigator would have about the accident 6. Show the overhead of newspaper clippings of accident at Pakenham in Melbourne (August )

Trench Collapse When one looks at the cross section of a grave and an unsafe trench of similar dimensions, it can be seen that there is very little or no difference Considering that a cubic metre of earth weighs approximately one tonne, it would certainly make it difficult for the work-person in the trench to breathe with that load resting on him 1. Read slide

Click on Action Button during presentation to view video

Reasons for Trench Collapse
Soil type Water content in soil Weather conditions Pressures – from near by loads Vibration – from passing heavy vehicles Time Rock/clay seam No shoring system used Timber not strong enough Timber badly placed Quickly review the main reasons for trench collapse Trenches are dangerous and collapse, but they collapse for controllable reasons.

Unit 3: Act, Regulation and SWPP
CP218 Excavation and Trenching WH&S Act 2011 GLOBAL STANDARD WH&S Regulation 2011 SWPP 4MP-T Site Excavation and Backfill Explain how the QLD WH&S Act and Regulation fit in with Bechtel’s CPs and SWPPs. Ie., QLD WH&S Act and regulation provide direction for the State of QLD but the SWPPs and CPs are bectel’s Global policies and procedures which must be followed. However, if the state’s legislation is more stringent, then this must be adhered to.

Workplace Health and Safety Act
Imposes obligations on people at work places to ensure freedom from disease and injury to persons created by work places or activities. Regulation (2011) You must do what it says 1. Read slide 2. Explain that there is an SWPP for excavations & our work procedures incorporate the requirements of the Act and Reg 2011. 3. In your own words tell the group that by following the requirements of the SWPP we reduce these risks substantially. We will repeat the risk score calculator card with the controls from the SWPP to see if you agree with this point.

SWPP - 4MP – T81-03202 Site Excavation and Backfill
CP218 States that it is a requirement at all projects to implement a procedure that provides effective safety measures and methods to protect personnel who are required to work in and around excavations and trenches SWPP - 4MP-T Site Excavation and Backfill Defines the standard work process for earthwork related activities at the construction site. It also defines a “Competent Person” 1. Read slide

DOES NOT INCLUDE A MINE SHAFT OR THE WORKINGS OF A MINE.
Confined Space The Queensland Workplace Health and Safety Regulation defines a confined space confined space as an enclosed or partially enclosed space that: (a) is not designed or intended primarily to be occupied by a person; and (b) is, or is designed or intended to be, at normal atmospheric pressure while any person is in the space; and (c) is or is likely to be a risk to health and safety from: (i) an atmosphere that does not have a safe oxygen level; or (ii) contaminants, including airborne gases, vapours and dusts, that may cause injury from fire or explosion; or (iii) harmful concentrations of any airborne contaminants; or (iv) engulfment NB# - All of the above three (3) elements must be met to be considered a Confined Space DOES NOT INCLUDE A MINE SHAFT OR THE WORKINGS OF A MINE.

Competent Person A competent person is a person who has acquired through training, qualification or experience the knowledge and skills to carry out the task. This person should be knowledgeable on: the type of excavation being undertaken, appropriate control systems, and where possible should have experience relating to local soil and rock conditions The CP is the individual on the construction team who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous or dangerous to employees and who has the authorisation to take prompt corrective measure to eliminate them. 1. Read this side to explain the experienced person mentioned in the previous slide.

COMPETENT PERSON The Competent person is responsible for:
Hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous or dangerous to employees and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them identifying hazards, conducting daily inspections, monitoring water removal operations and conducting inspections during and/or following rainstorms. The CP is designated as being responsible for completing the Daily Trench Report, as outlined in BESH Core Process CP-218, Excavation and Trenching. daily trench safety report form.doc

Excavation Permit Systematic review Communication tool
PFE determines criteria for work operations requiring permit Client Excavation Permit may also be required (reviewed by all parties) Approved prior to commencement of work Permit Register Sequential Permit Number site excavation permit.doc Excavation Permits The excavation permit system provides a method of ensuring a systematic review of all aspects of a proposed excavation by all parties involved. It also serves as a communication tool for work planning and documentation of the reviews conducted. The PFE shall establish the project criteria that shall be used to determine which excavation operations require the use of an Excavation Permit. When the excavation site is in an area controlled by the client, a client Excavation Permit may also be required. Site excavation activities, defined by the PFE, shall have an Excavation Permit, shown in Attachment C, initiated and approved prior to proceeding with the work. The Permit Requester (PR) shall complete the permit form indicating the area to be excavated including depth, location, trenching ground support systems, means of egress and date the excavation is expected to begin and other information to fully describe the excavation. The RFE shall assign a sequential permit number to the form and shall maintain a log to control the unique identification number for each permit. The RFE shall verify that the latest revision of relevant design drawings, client as-builts, and Bechtel as-builts are used to locate all known underground installations in the area to be excavated. These installations shall be noted on the permit and copies of the pertinent drawing(s) shall be attached or referenced on the permit. The RFE shall also note any special requirements for the excavation (e.g., sloping, shoring, or benching requirements if the excavation is over 5 feet [1.5 meters] below grade or trenching ground support systems if soil conditions require). When using ground support systems, specifics on strut spacing, strut height, panel height and length, internal widths, whaler / bracing spacing, road crossing plates, and access barriers as required shall be noted. The PR shall review the permit with the piping and electrical disciplines that shall note any special requirements or minimum clearances that must be maintained from existing utilities. After the permit is approved, the original permit shall be forwarded to the RFE for filing and the Requester shall retain a copy for field use. The PR shall locate and mark all existing underground installations utilizing the survey crew or as required in accordance with Standard Work Process Procedure 4MP-T , Utility Avoidance. The PR should arrange for local utility locate services to identify any underground public utilities that may be located in the excavation work area. The Requester shall review the requirements of the Excavation Permit with the RS to ensure that all special requirements noted on the permit are implemented in the excavation work. The RS shall have a copy of the approved permit at the work location before any excavation work is started and shall keep a copy at the excavation site until the work has been completed. Prior to starting the excavation, the RS and CP shall ensure all required safety measures are in place in accordance with item f in section 6.6.1, Earthwork Operations. After the excavation is completed, the RS shall document any unexpected materials or components encountered during the excavation and sign-off the post excavation items on the permit.

Trench Access Flow Chart
Is the excavation 1.2m or greater? Responsible Field Engineer to organise shoring, battering or benching Y START No person is to enter excavation BECHTEL SWPP 4MP-T to be followed Site inspection and preparation N Method of stabilisation complete Is the ground unstable or prone to collapse? Y Personnel can enter excavation Competent person to routinely inspect excavated site N Are there other circumstances posing threat of collapse. E.g.., structure, vibration etc. Complete work in excavation Y Run through the basic process of accessing a trench Backfill N END

Controlling Excavation Risks
Minimise access of persons to an excavation Inspections Shore, batter or bench excavations where the soil or rock is unstable or prone to collapse, where these could cause injury to a person or deeper than 1.2m Access/Egress Management Control of risk by supervision and control of work Barricades 1. Explain that the SWPP describes how to control the risk of trench collapse 2. Read slide. 3. Ask group why each control method helps reduce the risk from trench collapse. Guide the group to the correct reasoning. 4. Tell group that we will now look at key points in the SWPP in detail 5. Open SWPP. 6. Explain that we will cover the key points in the SWPP and that they can read the remainder when in their own time.

Controlling Excavation Risks Cont’
The zone of influence: The volume of soil around the excavation affected by any external load (for example, vehicles, plant, excavated material). It is the zone in which there may be an influence on the excavation, including possible ground collapse – Site requirement for spoil material is 1m from edge of trench Determined by the supplier of the shoring or a Geo Technical engineer Depends on the ground conditions The zone in which there may be an influence on excavation Includes possible ground collapse Explain the Zone of Influence in relation to vehicle parking and the type of shoring used and how it effects the strength of a trench. Two types: One is designed to carry soil, vehicle and material loads The other is designed to carry soil loads only and has a zone of influence.

Controlling Excavation Risks
Considerations in Planning: The nature & type of Rock/ Soil Duration the Excavation will be open Proximity of Buildings Likely presence of Water-Seepage/ flooding Underground Water Table Size and profile of excavation Likely existence of filled land Method of excavation 1. Explain that section 3 of the standard talks about controlling the risks of the excavation 2. the first part of this section talks about considerations when planning an excavation 3. Show this slide. Use slow release and read each point then ask group to explain why each point needs to be considered when planning the job. 4. repeat 3 for the next slide

Considerations Cont’ Proximity of underground services
Previously dug trenches Surcharge on side of excavation (eg. plant ) Excavation across slopes Potential site conditions (eg. bedding planes, fissures) Vibration from vehicles Proximity of excavated material Rain 1. show this slide.Use slow release and read each point then ask group to explain why each point needs to be considered when planning the job. 2. Comment that As the experienced person you need to consider all these points when planning the job involving an excavation

Underground Utilities
The Responsible Field Engineer will check this prior to permit approval Typically a drawing showing utilities near excavations is provided Additional controls as required to put in place i.e., digging by hand

Underground Essential Services
It is important that excavation methods include an initial examination of the area to be excavated, for example sampling the area by exposing a short section of underground services usually using water pressure and a vacuum system to excavate or ‘pothole’ the area 1. show this slide.Use slow release and read each point then ask group to explain why each point needs to be considered when planning the job. 2. Comment that As the experienced person you need to consider all these points when planning the job involving an excavation Underground essential services exposed by ‘potholing’

Minimise the Exposure of Persons to the Collapse of an Excavation Wall
Complete as much work from outside the trench as possible Minimise the time the trench is open Barricade and sign - Especially unattended excavations Material on high side could fall into trench Dangerous Situation Shear Plane Failure 1. Use slow release. Read 3.1 heading. 2. Ask group how they minimise people’s exposure to collapsing trench walls 3. Tell the story of the person hit by machinery on site. to emphasis the need for signage and barricading. Worker trapped and crushed Worker smothered

Shoring, Battering and Benching
When the trench is greater than 1.2m in depth , shoring, battering or benching is mandatory If less than1.2m, shoring, battering or benching required if the trench walls unstable Person Conducting Business or Undertaking (PCBU) with management or control of a workplace where excavation work is to be carried out must: Obtain current underground essential services information (if applicable) Have regard to the information Provide the information to other duty holder involved in the work Manage risks to health and safety associated with excavation work Comply with specified controls for trenches at least 1.2 metres deep Complete Excavation Permit Conduct daily inspections When the trench is greater than 1.2m in depth , shoring, battering or benching is mandatory unless a engineer confirms the walls are stable without shoring, battering or benching in writing. When the trench is less than 1.2m in depth, shoring, battering or benching is required if the walls of the trench are unstable. Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU) with management or control of a workplace where excavation work is to be carried out must: obtain current underground essential services information relating to the workplace and areas adjacent to the workplace, before commencing the work have regard to the information and provide the information to other duty holder involved in the work. PCBU must manage risks to health and safety associated with excavation work, and comply with specified controls for trenches at least 1.2 metres deep. 1. Before showing the overhead, ask the group when shoring, battering and benching is needed. 2. Ask group, if not told already, when is the only time you do not need to shore, batter or bench when the trench is deeper than 1.5m 3. Show OHT to confirm answers 4. Tell group that it is essential to understand soil presures and the Angle of repose if you are to understand shoring benching and battering and this is why you will now review soil presures. 5. Review ground pressures, as per awareness training using OHTs as required 6. Review angle of repose and emphasise it’s relevance to Battering and benching. 7. Show the OHT of different angles for different soils. 8. Explain how to identify the angle of repose on site by the slope of the spoil

Proprietary systems (IAW AS 4744.1 – 2000)
Shoring Proprietary systems (IAW AS – 2000) Shorco boxes installed, used, maintained and dismantled in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications Non-Proprietary Systems designed by an engineer Meets all safety requirements installed by trained personnel No gaps between edge of trench & shoring 1. Explain the difference between proprietary (manufactured and approved IAW Australian standards – ) and non-proprietary shoring systems (those implemented by local Councils for example). 2. Show OHT and explain the requirements of each system as per the Regulation (read points on the slide) 3. Discuss the last point. -Ask the group what they think about it. -Tell that the geotechnical engineer said no gap. -Ask the group why it is important to have no gap. Ask them why they think that is – So as not to allow excess soil to wash between shoring structure and place excessive weight behind the system and possibly loosen the structure). -Explain the extra force an impact puts on a shoring system. 4. Ask if group has any questions about Shoring

Benching Benching The creation of a series of steps in the vertical wall of an excavation Steps no greater than 1.2m in Bechtel overall angle 45 degrees or less Benching is the creation of a series of steps in the vertical wall of an excavation to reduce the wall height and ensure stability. Benching is a method of preventing collapse by excavating the sides of an excavation to form one or more horizontal levels or steps with vertical surfaces between levels. Use slow release of the OHT 1. first show the heading Benching 2. Draw a bench on the white board then ask group for its dimensions. 3. Slow release Benching details 4. Draw a batter on the board then ask group for its dimensions 5. Slow release battering details 6. Ask group when are you allowed to have the angle for benched or batters greater than 45 degrees. 7. slow release last point 8. ask group if they have any questions about battering & benching

Battering Batter Combination of Bench and Batter Batter
The wall of an excavation is sloped back to a predetermined angle The wall beside the work area should not exceed 1.2m in Bechtel Overall angle 45 degrees or less Battering is where the wall of an excavation is sloped back to a predetermined angle to ensure stability (see Figure 4). Battering prevents ground collapse by cutting the excavated face back to a safe slope. Use slow release of the OHT 1. first show the heading Benching 2. Draw a bench on the white board then ask group for its dimensions. 3. Slow release Benching details 4. Draw a batter on the board then ask group for its dimensions 5. Slow release battering details 6. Ask group when are you allowed to have the angle for benched or batters greater than 45 degrees. 7. slow release last point 8. ask group if they have any questions about battering & benching Combination of Bench and Batter Batter

The Angle of Repose The angle at which a sloping bank of soil or rock will stand without lateral support The angle of repose should not exceed 45 degrees unless certified by an engineer in writing The size and shape of the excavation is based on the “Angle of Repose” (see Fig 3.2) which is normally taken as 1:1 (45°), but in some instances, depending on the stability of the soil/rock it can be a maximum of 1 horizontal: 4 vertical (76°) Use slow release of the OHT 1. first show the heading Benching 2. Draw a bench on the white board then ask group for its dimensions. 3. Slow release Benching details 4. Draw a batter on the board then ask group for its dimensions 5. Slow release battering details 6. Ask group when are you allowed to have the angle for benched or batters greater than 45 degrees. 7. slow release last point 8. ask group if they have any questions about battering & benching

Factors Affecting Critical Trench Height
Types of Soils Granular Soils Cohesive Soils Silts Soil faults Fissures Greasy Backs 1. Explain that these factors define when a trench becomes unstable. 2. Tell that at first we will focus on the soil types and then their classification, where soil faults are considered.

Impact on Effective Excavation Depth
Decide which side of the excavation to place the excavated material if ground is sloping Things to consider: Access Underground services Earth moving machinery of vehicles Service installation and backfilling Manual work Upper and lower side of excavation If excavating in sloping ground decide which side of the excavation to place the excavated material. Things to consider include: ground conditions access to the excavation existing underground services the need for earthmoving machinery or vehicles to work or move along beside the excavation service installation and backfilling requirements, and any manual work being undertaken in the excavation. Placing material on the lower side of the excavation will reduce the effective height of the excavation (see Figure 15) and the risk of material falling or being washed into the excavation Care should be taken to ensure that material placed on the high side of the excavation does not increase the risk of ground collapse, or flooding by ponding or holding back runoff water. Excavated material should be placed so that it channels rainwater and other run-off water away from the excavation

Classifying Soils 1. Discuss each point.
If soil is quite dense (hard to shovel) then type A If soil is loose (easy to shovel) then type B Wet / moist sand is considered type C Loose sand subject to any vibration is considered type C 1. Discuss each point. 2. Get group to classify their soil sample

Soil Classifications General Notes:
If layered soils, then classify by weakest layer If two or more layers of distinctly different soil or rock types or clay seams in rock which dip towards the trench with a slope of 4 Hor. To 1 vert. then consider type C Fractured rock is considered type B when dry or type C when wet All rock is considered fractured unless tests and inspections prove otherwise 1. Explain that on work sites there is usually a mixture of Granular, silts and clays. For the purposes of selecting shoring components we classify soils as being A,B or C types. 2. Discuss the General notes that are used in classifying soil types.

Granular soils Gravel, sand, or silt, (coarse grained soil) with little or no clay content. Granular soil has no cohesive strength. Before showing the slide, break the groups into pairs. Give them the three soil samples and ask them classify them. Feedback if they got them right. 1. Show slide and explain each point 2. Get groups to feel the granular sample and relate to points on the slide

Granular soils includes sands and gravels particles are visible
feel gritty contains little or no fines Before showing the slide, break the groups into pairs. Give them the three soil samples and ask them classify them. Feedback if they got them right. 1. Show slide and explain each point 2. Get groups to feel the granular sample and relate to points on the slide

Granular soils Before showing the slide, break the groups into pairs. Give them the three soil samples and ask them classify them. Feedback if they got them right. 1. Show slide and explain each point 2. Get groups to feel the granular sample and relate to points on the slide

Cohesive Soils Sticky soil such as clay or clayey silt whose strength depends on the surface tension of capillary water If fissures are detected or suspected then a type A soil becomes type B 1. Show slide and explain each point 2. Get groups to feel the cohesive sample and relate to points on the slide

Cohesive Soils Contains clay either wholly or in part (70% clay content) Includes clay, silty clay, organic clay, gravelly clay, sandy clay, clayey silt, etc. Contains sufficient clay to mould a moist lump without it disintegrating Clays when moist to wet feel sticky and often greasy If dry clay can be broken by hand but not powdered 1. Show slide and explain each point 2. Get groups to feel the cohesive sample and relate to points on the slide

Cohesive Soils 1. Show slide and explain each point
2. Get groups to feel the cohesive sample and relate to points on the slide

Cohesive Soils Contains clay either wholly or in part (70% clay content) Includes clay, silty clay, organic clay, gravelly clay, sandy clay, clayey silt, etc. Contains sufficient clay to mould a moist lump without it disintegrating Clays when moist to wet feel sticky and often greasy If dry clay can be broken by hand but not powdered 1. Show slide and explain each point 2. Get groups to feel the cohesive sample and relate to points on the slide

Silts Silt is created by a variety of physical processes capable of splitting the generally sand-sized quartz crystals of primary rocks by exploiting deficiencies in their lattice 1. Show slide and explain each point 2. Get groups to feel the silts sample and relate to points on the slide

Silts When in dry, powdered form- it feels fine and flour like (possibly a bit gritty) and often stains the hand When wet the soil does not feel sticky Dry lumps can be easily powered between fingers 1. Show slide and explain each point 2. Get groups to feel the silts sample and relate to points on the slide

Silts 1. Show slide and explain each point
2. Get groups to feel the silts sample and relate to points on the slide

Detecting fissures 1. Discuss each point.
Visual examination prior to excavation Visual inspection when trench first dug and appearance after excavation observing chunks of soil spall Visual observation for fissures parallel to the direction of the trench 1. Discuss each point. 2. Visual examination prior to excavation (cracks on surface; Previous disturbances eg. Other utilities) 3. Visual inspection for fissures when trench first dug and their appearance soon after excavation observing chunks of soil spall off the vertically excavated trench walls 4. Visual observation for fissures parallel to the direction of the trench (If observed appropriate shoring is required) Drying test: Sample 12 to 25 mm thick 150 Length Dry in oven at 100 degrees, or on site on hot manifold or bake in sun in hot weather if fissured it will break along fissures

Basic Trench Safety Ladders or a means of egress shall be provided every 7.6m (25 feet) Stay within controlled area Do not walk on shoring components Wear PPE Barricades and signs Excavation depth greater than 6 meters designed by a registered professional engineer. 1.Show OHT of trench components . Discuss their assembly and removal. (How to) 2. Review basic trench safety. Discuss each point 3. If possible - Take group to site and demonstrate the assembly for a scenario. Use table to select components. Ensure ply is used. 4. If possible - Get teams to practice if needed? 5. Assess groups based on scenarios (Get to work in Pairs)

Managing Control of Risk
Control of Access Control of people around excavation site Signage and barricading Unattended excavations Ensure staff within protected area Routine Inspections carried out by a competent person for excavations deeper than 1.2 meters before work in the excavation and during work in a trench if deficiencies detected: cease work immediately & staff should not enter trench until rectification has been carried out Use slow release 1.Show heading of point 1 2. Ask group how Access of people can be controled on an excavation site 3. Read and discuss all of point 1 4. Slow release point 2. Read heading . 5. Ask group “What is a routine inspection?” Then ask “What do you look for in a routine inspection?”. Use next OHT to explain. Discuss why it is nessessary to look for each item 6. Ask who should carry out a routine inspection/ slow release after answer 7. Ask when a routine inspection should be carried out ? slow release after answer. Discuss if group wishes. 8. Ask group what they would do if a problem during a routine inspection was found?

Routine Site Inspection – Why?
Shoring becoming unstable Shoring components not secure Premature removal of shoring Cracks appearing near or parallel to the edge of an excavation Excavated material being placed close to the edge of the trench Machinery operating close to the edge of the excavation Surface falling into the trench Water seeping into excavation from side walls or base Surface water entering the excavation or accumulating on the surfaces near the excavation Inclined bedding planes “dipping” into the excavation Heaving or swelling of the ground at the bottom of the trench Subsidence along side the excavations After a rain event Encourage group to discuss why each point needs to be looked at

Risk Management Hazard Identification Risk Assessment Probability
Severity Risk Control Eliminate the Hazard Minimise the Risk Provide “back-up” controls Administrative controls, safe work practices & PPE Monitor & Review Control Measures Audits A written record should be kept (the work plan) 1. Read main OHT 2. Use previous risk assessment to explain points as required

ADVISORY STANDARD COMPLETED
Obligations Employer Prevent the risk of injury to all personnel Monitoring of work activities Training as required Develop Work Procedures Worker Prevent the risk of injury to yourself from collapsing excavations Comply with instruction given by your employer Ensure your activities do not place other persons at risk Visitor A person not directly engaged in excavation work Must carry out a health or safety direction given by an employer or self employed person Employer Prevent the risk of injury to your workers, other persons and yourself from collapsing excavations which may arise from your work activities Monitoring of work activities Training Work Procedures Worker Prevent the risk of injury to yourself from collapsing excavations by complying with instruction given by your employer at a workplace or a principal contractor at a construction workplace. Ensure your activities do not place other persons at risk. Visitor A person not directly engaged in excavation work Must carry out a health or safety direction given by an employer or self employed person. 1. Use slow release. Ask group the obigations of each heading before showing and reading (only read fully if necessary) ADVISORY STANDARD COMPLETED 2. complete risk score calculator card. Use the same OHT as start of unit, but this time with all controls in place 3. Emphasise the greatly decreased risk. Tell group this is why we follow the procedure and the experienced person is responsible for ensuring this happens.

Unit 4:Overview of Excavation
The process of excavating An overview of Site Excavation and backfill SWPP 4MP-T 1. Read slide. Explain what will be covered under each point in your own word. (The explaination should be no more than 1 sentence)

Process for Excavation
Obtain a signed excavation permit Personal Protective Equipment Site Inspection and Preparation Site Inspection Locate services Barricade and sign the site Excavate Hand/ Machine Shoring Bedding / Backfilling Restoration 1. Before showing the slide, ask group to describe the main steps in a excavation job. Write answers on the white board. (you may need to prompt group. If so, ask if you need to plan the job. Once they agree that planning is the first step then) 2. show OHT and compare 3. Tell group that the remaining units link with the points in the OHT. 4. Mention locating services, signage and barricading is required.

SWPP 4MP-T81-03202 on Bechtel Website
1. Before showing the slide, ask group to describe the main steps in a excavation job. Write answers on the white board. (you may need to prompt group. If so, ask if you need to plan the job. Once they agree that planning is the first step then) 2. Now open SWPP and run through the process.

Unit 5: PPE for Excavation
Workers' responsibility under the act. PPE required for an excavation Safety Absolute Hard Hat, Safety Boots, Safety Glasses and Gloves Dealing with Workers who refuse to use PPE 1. Read slide. Explain what will be covered under each point in your own word. The explanation should be no more than 1 sentence. 2. Ask group what is the workers’ responsibility regarding PPE. 3. Ask group what is the competent person’s responsibility regarding people on his work site and the use of PPE. 4. Ask group what PPE is required on an excavation site.

Dealing with workers who refuse to use PPE appropriately
Request compliance Stop work Request worker to leave work site Log the event in diary Report incident to ES&H Representative for further action 1. Ask group what steps they would take if a person on their work site refused to use the correct PPE or fail to follow the your instructions (eg. staying out of the excavation). Write steps on white board. 2. Show OHT and compare with steps on white board

Unit 6: Considerations for Choosing a Method of Excavation
Hand Excavation Machine Excavation 1. Read slide. Explain what will be covered under each point in your own word. Emphasis that the intention is not to talk about how each method is done but what you consider when choosing a methed (eg. access for equipment). 2. Ask group what are the main considerations when chosing a method of excavation. (eg. size, cost, location of public utilities etc.)

Locations where a machine can not be used Pot holing
Hand Excavation Shallow trenches Locations where a machine can not be used Pot holing Cleaning of trenches 1. Before showing OHT, Ask group when they would use hand excavation (Ask why to check understanding as required) Write points on white board. 2. Show OHT and compare lists. Explain why hand excavation is suited as necessary.

Mechanical Excavation
Excavator: Larger trenching systems; larger pipes; rock breakers; Shorco Boxes; Greater Reach of Machine; Largest Cost Beware Blind Spots 1. Use slow release technique 2. Ask group when do you use an excavator. Write on white board. Ensure group understands of why an excavator suits. 3. Show OHT and compare list. Explain explain why an excavator is suited as feel necessary. 4. Ask group when do you use a backhoe. Write on white board. Ensure group understands of why a backhoe suits. 5. Show OHT and compare list. Explain explain why Mini excavator is suited as feel necessary 6. Ask group when do you use a Mini excavator . Write on white board. Ensure group understands of why a Mini excavator suits. 7. Show OHT and compare list. Explain explain why Mini excavator is suited as feel necessary

Backhoe: Smaller trenches; Better Access; Variety of Trenches; Multi-purpose 1. Use slow release technique 2. Ask group when do you use an excavator. Write on white board. Ensure group understands of why an excavator suits. 3. Show OHT and compare list. Explain explain why an excavator is suited as feel necessary. 4. Ask group when do you use a backhoe. Write on white board. Ensure group understands of why a backhoe suits. 5. Show OHT and compare list. Explain explain why Mini excavator is suited as feel necessary 6. Ask group when do you use a Mini excavator . Write on white board. Ensure group understands of why a Mini excavator suits. 7. Show OHT and compare list. Explain explain why Mini excavator is suited as feel necessary

Mini excavator: Smaller/ shallow trenches; Good Access; Lowest Cost; Less Restoration 1. Use slow release technique 2. Ask group when do you use an excavator. Write on white board. Ensure group understands of why an excavator suits. 3. Show OHT and compare list. Explain explain why an excavator is suited as feel necessary. 4. Ask group when do you use a backhoe. Write on white board. Ensure group understands of why a backhoe suits. 5. Show OHT and compare list. Explain explain why Mini excavator is suited as feel necessary 6. Ask group when do you use a Mini excavator . Write on white board. Ensure group understands of why a Mini excavator suits. 7. Show OHT and compare list. Explain explain why Mini excavator is suited as feel necessary

What is a Site Inspection?
Unit 7: Site Inspection What is a Site Inspection? How to Conduct a Site inspection for an Excavation 1. Read slide. Explain what will be covered under each point in your own word. The explanation should be no more than 1 sentence.

Daily Trench report

What is the purpose of a Site Inspection?
Provides on-going safety monitoring Helps identify non-compliance and potential safety risks Assists in the implementation of hazard control strategies A site inspection provides on-going safety monitoring services for construction sites to help identify non-compliance and potential safety risks.

Site Inspection Conduct Site Inspection Assess Site Conditions
Work and Storage Space Locate Other Services Night Work First Aid and Emergency 1. Ask group what is looked for when conducting a site inspection. Write answers on the white board. Ensure group understands what answer each means. 2. show OHT and compare. Tell group these are the main steps in the QA procedure 3. Demonstrate a site inspection inspect site complete on next OHT 4. Conduct Site Inspection Assessment

Unit 8: Work Plans Why is a Work Plan Needed?
To ensure that all labour, equipment, materials, and methods are identified and coordinated to maximum efficiency while meeting construction schedule requirements 1. Read slide. Explain what will be covered under each point in your own word. The explaination should be no more than 1 sentence. 2. Show & overview the BW workplan. tell group that its been approved by the division 3. Say that it must be used on excavations over 1.5m 4. Fill out the OHT of a the work plan. Use the same site as for the example site inspection 5. Conduct the Work plan assessment. Use the same site as for the site inspection assessment.(they can do it in the class room)

Unit 9: Backfill - (4MP-T81-03202)
The RFE shall inspect, test as required, and accepted Upon acceptance, the RFE shall release the area for backfill The excavation shall be cleaned The RFE shall inspect and accept the sub-grade for backfill The RS shall inspect stockpile areas Restoration of site a. The Responsible Field Engineer (RFE) shall verify that all structures and utilities affected by the backfill activity have been inspected, tested as required, and accepted. Upon acceptance, the RFE shall release the area for backfill. The release may be verbal unless project requirements dictate a more formal documentation b. The excavation shall be cleaned of all trash, organic material, standing water, and other unacceptable materials. c. The RFE shall inspect and accept the sub-grade for backfill and arrange for compaction testing as required. d. The RS shall inspect stockpile areas for a determination of the appropriate method for excavation from the stockpile.

Using the learning's on site
Unit 10: Summary Headings: What has been covered The Need for Excavation Training Controlling Excavation Risks Overview of Excavation Personal Protective Equipment and its’ Use Considerations for choosing a Method of Excavation Site Inspection Work Plans Backfilling Using the learning's on site 1. Read slide. 2. For point 1, Explain what will be covered under each point in your own word. Depth of explanation should bee as you feel required. Use OHTs of Aims and Learning outcomes. 3. Conduct assessment 4. get group to fill out feedback sheets 5. Talk about the need to follow procedures for to meet safety requirements, refer to risk scorecard before and after controls, work place audits, Work Plans on excavations over 1.5m

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Excavation & Shoring Course

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