1. W11/13/12; F10/29/10; F10/31/08; F11/9/07; M11/6/06 Politics in Age of Jackson (Ch. 10.1-10.2; pp. 270-279) Q: What were the big issues of Jackson’s presidency? How effective was Jackson in dealing with these issues?

2. I. Overview of Jackson Spoils System King Veto populist

3. II. Major Issues A. Overview – Tariff – Internal improvements – US Bank American System Basis of 2 nd 2-party system States rights vs. federal power

4. II. Major Issues (cont.) A. Tariff Calhoun vs. Jackson – VP vs Pres. – Conflict focuses on two issues: Eaton Affair Tariff 1. Eaton Affair – Peggy Eaton marries John Eaton Eaton is Sec. of War wild and loose reputation for Peggy Eaton shunned by DC society and wives of other cabinet members, esp. Calhoun’s wife reminds AJ of own wife’s issues harms AJ & Calhoun’s relationship

5. II. Major Issues (cont.) 2. “Tariff of Abominations” – Calhoun opposes anonymously writes SC Exposition & Protest disproportionately hurts S – becomes issue again in Election of 1832 SC nullifies – Force Bill passed SC nullifies conflict imminent b/w AJ (US) and SC (Calhoun) – Henry Clay & “Compromise Tariff of 1832” Lowers rates SC revokes tariff nullification but not Force Bill

6. II. Major Issues (cont.) B. Internal Improvements AJ opposed – vetoed Maysville Rd. – 1830 C. U.S. Bank 2 nd Bank – re-chartered in 1816 for 20 years Nicholas Biddle – president of bank Clay wants campaign issue – Calls for early bank vote – Election of 1832 – Bank rejected – Clay loses – 2-time loser (one to go…)

7. II. Major Issues (cont.) C. Bank (cont.) Jackson guts bank – pulls money – Moves federal deposits to state banks “Pet Banks” – Issue paper money (no specie) – Bad investments Deposit Act (1836) – Increased # deposit banks – Loosened federal control of banks Specie Circular – 1836 – Back up money supply w/ hard currency – Only specie accepted for sale of federal lands Policies help lead to Panic of 1837

8. II. Major Issues (cont.) D. Panic of 1837 Too much paper money (little specie) Bad investments – esp. by states in canals Too much easy credit 2 nd major recession/depression Lasts most of van Buren’s term

9. III. Election of 1836 Martin van Buren – Dem – NY – Loyal to AJ – “new Dem” Multiple candidates for Whig – Weak strategy – split votes MvB inherits weak economy Independent Treasury – Tries to avoid easy credit of US Bank – Temporary solution (eliminated in 1840s) – Little federal oversight of money until Civil War

10. IV. Second 2-Party System Lasted from 1828-54 Shaped by Jackson’s personality – analogy to Hamilton and 1 st 2-party system Focused on economic issues – esp. American System Some political issues – esp. state vs. federal Sectionalism minimized – Cross appeal to 3 regions – N, S, W – Review election results, 1836-1852

11. IV. Second 2-Party System (cont.) Election Results 1836 – van Buren – Dem 1840 – Harrison – Whig 1844 – Polk – Dem 1848 – Taylor – Whig 1852 – Pierce – Dem political system works, minimizes sectionalism

12. V. Election of 1840 MvB (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whig) Good phrases but few issues – ran on economy & personalities “Hard Cider” campaign “Tippecanoe & Tyler, too” Harrison dies after 30 days – Tyler first accidental President – Zero factor…

13. Zero Factor 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 – Harrison – Lincoln* – Garfield – McKinley – Harding – FDR* – JFK – Reagan – ass’n attempt, but survives – G.W. Bush – “pretzel & shoe attempt”