1. Recommendations on Parking A sensitive “push” measure Jörg Thiemann-Linden Krakow, 19th September 2014 Project team: Jantine Zwinkels, Pieter Tanja Tom Rye, Zsuzsanna Olofsson, Jürgen Gies, Jörg Thiemann-Linden

2. 10 april 2014 Innovative Cases on Parking in GPS Parking restriction in new urban development in Freiburg Vauban & Tübingen Loretto / French Quarter Parking restrictions by planning / construction permit, for car free housing: Car owners mandatory to rent a place in a periphery car parking garage. Workplace parking Levy (WPL) funding for transport improvement in Nottingham A mandatory charge (“tax”) on private off street parking places, used by employees, regular visitors, pupils/students. In order to reduce congestion and a major funding for transport measures (new tram lines) = for Nottingham a more attractive place for business. Trip contingent model: monitoring of traffic generation from parking instead of general parking standards in urban development “Fahrtenmodell” in Zürich CH Saving relevent investment cost, due to very low parking standards for new development (e.g. “Sihlcity” shopping centre, also university buildings and hospitals). Condition is regular monitoring of the generated car volumes – otherwise mobility measures mandatory to get under the contracted limit. 2

3. 10 april 2014 Recommedations on parking measure Parking volumes are a relevant factor for traffic-related problems Multiple arguments, for example - congestion and air quality - public space occupancy for other purposes moving the local economy - traffic safety (visibility obstacle) Communicate the expected benefits first show future beauty of public space e.g. after an architects’ competition – then name the “loss” of parkings; show the improvements in accessability / attractiveness from funding mechanism based on parking fees Be aware that parking infrastructure is a costly matter, employers and developers tend to avoid costs e.g. in Nottingham Workplace Parking Levy, in the Zürich investments; Parking garage owners have an own interest in parking management and enforcement around the garage in order to protect their investment 3

4. 10 april 2014 Recommedations on parking measure Political will is necessary to deal with general skeptics / resistance - against every also tiny measure to reduce the number of parkings, but in the shop-keepers with a new generation discussion becomes more rational. Recognize the interest of car-independent urban living in parts of the society, e.g. car-free housing environment in Freiburg-Vauban was urged by the community of house-builders first. Start to influence legal obstacles from the national level collaborate as a city with other cities / lobby groups, e.g. on very low parking fines, uniform parking fee limits nonregard the specific situation in cities, not adequate parking standards in urban development A referendum on parking policy?? Controversial results in Zürich (very strict also private parkings regulations supported by the city’s voters) and Berlin (district population voting against own priviledge – due to poor trust in regulation / administration in general? 4

5. 10 april 2014 Encouraged from Stepping Stones: new projects Regulation (PUSH) + Mobility Management (PULL) = Funding mechanism from parking fees to MM spending IEE Project in the cities of Krakow, Örebro, Gent and others, Research by Lund University, Erasmus University Rotterdam University (RHV BV), FGM-AMOR, Difu and the European Parking Association EPA See more at www.push-pull-parking.eu e.g. parking management good practice catalogue (by end of 2014)www.push-pull-parking.eu Mobility Management (pedelec-testing by commuters) + Infrastructure (safe parking at commuter railway stations) = Electric bicycles a substitute for car-based commuters from suburbs (in Brandenburg state), for reducing car parking demand in Berlin. Regional project of Berlin Senate (SenStadtUm) with Difu, team red and many local companies, sponsored by bicycle manufacturers See more at www.nrvp.de/pedelecwww.nrvp.de/pedelec 5