1. AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE POLLUTION NO.2 AP EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper. Check your answers by the final slide.

2. Questions 1-4 refer to the following air pollutants. a. carbon monoxide b. sulfur dioxide c. nitrogen dioxide d. ozone e. particulate matter 1. Which criteria pollutant contributes to the creation of industrial smog? 2. Which criteria pollutant is a component of photochemical smog & acid precipitation? 3. Which criteria pollutant can lead to eutrophication in an aquatic system? 4. Which criteria pollutant helps to create smog when in the troposphere but protects life from UV radiation when in the stratosphere?

3. 5. Which of the following best describes the way carbon monoxide interacts in the body to cause asphyxiation? a. Carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin in the bloodstream, displacing oxygen & preventing it from binding with the hemoglobin. a. Carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin in the bloodstream, displacing oxygen & preventing it from binding with the hemoglobin. b. Carbon monoxide is inhaled into the lungs, where it replaces oxygen. b. Carbon monoxide is inhaled into the lungs, where it replaces oxygen. c. The carbon & oxygen atoms in carbon monoxide separate, & the carbon bonds with hemoglobin. c. The carbon & oxygen atoms in carbon monoxide separate, & the carbon bonds with hemoglobin. d. Excess carbon monoxide cannot cause asphyxiation. d. Excess carbon monoxide cannot cause asphyxiation. e. Carbon monoxide combines with oxygen & forms a toxic substance in the body. e. Carbon monoxide combines with oxygen & forms a toxic substance in the body.

4. 6. Endocrine disruption occurs when a. heavy metals bioaccumulate in the body. a. heavy metals bioaccumulate in the body. b. an ecosystem is disrupted by the removal of vegetation. b. an ecosystem is disrupted by the removal of vegetation. c. carbon monoxide replaces a hormone in a molecule within the body, impeding the necessary reaction process. c. carbon monoxide replaces a hormone in a molecule within the body, impeding the necessary reaction process. d. a toxin replaces a hormone in a molecule within the body, impeding the necessary reaction process. d. a toxin replaces a hormone in a molecule within the body, impeding the necessary reaction process. e. allergens over-activate the immune system. e. allergens over-activate the immune system.

5. 7. Which of the following chemical reactions best represents the process of the creation of acid precipitation? a. N 2 + O 2  2 NO a. N 2 + O 2  2 NO 2NO + O 2  2NO 2 2NO + O 2  2NO 2 NO 2  NO + O NO 2  NO + O O + O 2  O 3 O + O 2  O 3 NO + O 2  NO 2 + O 2 NO + O 2  NO 2 + O 2 b. H 2 SO 4 + Ca(OH) 2  CaSO 4 + 2H 2 O b. H 2 SO 4 + Ca(OH) 2  CaSO 4 + 2H 2 O c. S + O 2  SO 2 c. S + O 2  SO 2 2SO 2 + O 2  2SO 3 2SO 2 + O 2  2SO 3 SO 3 + H 2 O  H 2 SO 4 SO 3 + H 2 O  H 2 SO 4 d. C + O 2  CO 2 d. C + O 2  CO 2 2C + O 2  2CO 2C + O 2  2CO S + O 2  SO 2 S + O 2  SO 2 2SO 2 + O 2  2SO 3 2SO 2 + O 2  2SO 3 SO 3 + H 2 O  H 2 SO 4 SO 3 + H 2 O  H 2 SO 4 e. 4FeS 2 + 11O 2  Fe 2 O 3 + 8SO 2 e. 4FeS 2 + 11O 2  Fe 2 O 3 + 8SO 2

6. 8. The most harmful form of water pollution affecting human health is a. an oil spill. a. an oil spill. b. heavy metals. b. heavy metals. c. waterborne diseases & pathogens. c. waterborne diseases & pathogens. d. eutrophication. d. eutrophication. e. thermal pollution. e. thermal pollution.

7. 9. Genetic pollution occurs when a. speciation occurs. a. speciation occurs. b. mutations occur as cells replicate within an organism. b. mutations occur as cells replicate within an organism. c. toxins are spread by wind. c. toxins are spread by wind. d. artificial selection is used to select desired traits. d. artificial selection is used to select desired traits. e. there is an unintended spread of altered genetic information from genetically engineered organisms to natural organisms. e. there is an unintended spread of altered genetic information from genetically engineered organisms to natural organisms.

8. 10. Which of the following toxins can produce birth defects & affect embryo development? defects & affect embryo development? a. mutagens a. mutagens b. teratogens b. teratogens c. allergens c. allergens d. neurotoxins d. neurotoxins e. carcinogens e. carcinogens

9. 11. Why can asbestos be lethal? a. Small inhaled fibers can get lodged in the lining of the lungs, which can cause the lungs to develop scar tissue & can cultimately lead to death. a. Small inhaled fibers can get lodged in the lining of the lungs, which can cause the lungs to develop scar tissue & can cultimately lead to death. b. The gaseous form causes lungs to create acid to combat the invader, which causes the development of scar tissue & can ultimately lead to death. b. The gaseous form causes lungs to create acid to combat the invader, which causes the development of scar tissue & can ultimately lead to death. c. It is a mutagen. c. It is a mutagen. d. Asbestos fibers are inhaled & get lodged in the throat, causing asphyxiation. d. Asbestos fibers are inhaled & get lodged in the throat, causing asphyxiation. e. Asbestos is not lethal but can act as an allergan. e. Asbestos is not lethal but can act as an allergan.

10. 12. Which of the following is a common source of lead pollution today? a. the use of leaded gasoline a. the use of leaded gasoline b. vehicle emissions b. vehicle emissions c. metal processing c. metal processing d. acid precipitation d. acid precipitation e. smog e. smog

11. 13. When a factory uses water to help cool its operational processes & then releases this water into a local river, pollution can occur as which of the following? a. carcinogens a. carcinogens b. pathogens b. pathogens c. thermal pollution c. thermal pollution d. heavy metal pollution d. heavy metal pollution e. cold discharged water e. cold discharged water

12. 14. Based on the cost-benefit analysis curve, which is a valid reason why marginal costs exceeded marginal benefits? a. An increase occurred in the cost of production. a. An increase occurred in the cost of production. b. There is potential for an increase in biodiversity. b. There is potential for an increase in biodiversity. c. Profits are high. c. Profits are high. d. Prices are higher than marginal cost. d. Prices are higher than marginal cost. e. It was pushed in this direction due to an increase in production. e. It was pushed in this direction due to an increase in production.

13. 15. Based on the cost-benefit analysis curve, at which point on the graph does maximal economic efficiency occur? a. on the line representing marginal costs a. on the line representing marginal costs b. on the line representing marginal benefits b. on the line representing marginal benefits c. where marginal costs exceed marginal benefits c. where marginal costs exceed marginal benefits d. at point A d. at point A e. where marginal e. where marginal benefits exceed benefits exceed marginal costs marginal costs

14. ANSWERS 1. B9. E 2. C10. B 3. C11. A 4. D12. C 5. A13. C 6. D14. A 7. C15. D 8. C