2.  Ex-Communist cardiologist and DP- leader Sali Berisha  Alexander Meksi - prime minister.  The Bersiha regime soon began to show worrying signs of authoritarianism.  Ex-president Alia was placed under house arrest on 12 September 1992.  In January 1993 Nexhmije Hoxha was jailed for nine years.  In July 1993 parliament voted to deprive former prime minister Fatos Nano of his parliamentary immunity from arrest.

3.  A referendum  Berisha had been unable achieve a two-third majority for it in parliament.  However, Berisha was not successful in the referendum.  9 out of 19 cabinet ministers were replaced.

4.  140 seats = 115 constituency + 25 determined by proportional representation.  4% threshold for representation remained  Democratic Party : 122 seats – 55.5 %  Socialist Party : 10 seats – 20.4 %  Republican Party : 3 seats – 5.7%  Human Rights Party : 3 seats – 4 % (Omonia ethnic Greek party)  The Right-wing Monarchist Party : 2 seats – 5 %

5.  North Epirus issue  Minority Greeks and Albanians  25 June 1993, expelled a Greek Orthodox priest  26 June 1993, expelled to 30,000 Albanian immigrants.

6.  A more conciliatory stance  Promise to work towards a treaty of peace and friendship  The ‘friendship and cooperation’ treaty - Establishment of private Greek language schools - Economic cooperation - The settlement by negotiation of the legal status of Albanian migrant workers in Greece.

7.  Berisha received strong support from Western countries.  In October 1993 The USA and Albania signed an accord on military cooperation.  Readiness to broaden, expand defence and military relations.  On 22 February 1996, the return of gold 1.5 tones of gold ingots and coins.

8. 1. Austerity measure to reduce the huge budget deficit. 2. Flotation of the lek. 3. Foreign-trade liberalization. 4. Rapid price liberalization. 5. Rapid expansion of the private sector. 6. A new bankruptcy law was passed in October 1995.

9.  The second socialist government headed by Ilir Meta August 2001 to January 2002  The SPA-led government headed by Pandeli Majko February 2002 to July 2005  The SPA-led government headed by Fatos Nano July 2002 to August 2005

10. *Sali Berisha coalition obtained 80 of the 140 seats *Centre-left coalition obtained 59 seats

11.  In Albania, all communist regime structures were destroyed during the 1990s.  However, It was not a liberal democracy  A new more horizontally structured legal order, but lawlessness, a kind of anarchy.  A rude yet very vigorous democracy of sorts…  Albanian political parties play rough in their parliamentary and local elections