1. Applying Pesticides

2. Pesticide Management

3. Identifying Common Pests
Sites = infested areas
Target = pest that pesticide is intended for
Host = animal or plant that is to be protected

4. Classifications of Pesticides
Insects
Insecticide
Mites
Miticide
Mites, ticks and spiders
Acaricide
Snails & Slugs
Molluscicide
Fungi
Fungicide
Nematodes
Nematicide
Bacteria
Bactericide

5. Classifications of Pesticides
Weeds
Herbicide
Predatory Animal
Predacide
Rodents
Rodenticide
Birds
Avicide
Fish
Piscicide
Plant Growth
Plant Growth Regulators
Leaves on Plants
Defoliant, Dessicant

6. Pesticide Characteristics
“Pesticide” = substance intended to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate any pest
also; plant regulator, defoliant, or dessicant

7. Pesticide Characteristics
Chemical Basis of Pesticides
Synthetic Organic Pesticides are man made
Malathion, 2,4-D
Plant Derived Organic Pesticides are made from parts of plants
Inorganic Pesticides are made from minerals
Lead Arsenate

8. Pesticide Characteristics
Toxicity of Pesticides
Refers to how poisonous a pesticide is to warm blooded animals
Danger = Highly Toxic
Skull & Crossbones and “Poison”
Warning = Moderately Toxic
Caution = Slightly Toxic

9. Pesticide Characteristics
Use of Pesticide
Specific uses

10. Effect of Pesticides on Pests
Stomach Poison = kills when swallowed
Contact Poison = sprayed directly on pest
Fumigants = gas inhaled or absorbed
Translocated Herbicides = kills plants by being absorbed by roots
Systemics = will kill pest when it eats the host, but doesn’t harm host

11. Effect of Pesticides on Pests
Sterilants = pests are unable to reproduce
Anticoagulants = prevents normal blood clotting
Pheromones = change the normal behavior of pests
Protectants = prevent pest entry

12. Effect of Pesticides on Pests
Plant Growth Regulators = control the rate of growth of plants
Defoliants and Dessicants = cause plants to shed their leaves

13. Pesticide Characteristics
Persistence of Pesticides refers to how long the Pesticide remains in the environment
Pesticide must break down to a harmless residue before harvest
May be a time delay for safe consumption

14. Formulation of Pesticides
Form in which chemical is available
Liquid Formulations:
Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC or E) mix with water
Solution (S) is ready to use
Flowable (F) Thick liquid, mix with water to form a suspension

15. Formulation of Pesticides: Liquid
Fumigant, pressurized container turns to gas
Aerosol (A) applied from a pressurized can or special sprayer

16. Formulation of Pesticides: Dry
Dusts (D) must be used dry
Granules (G) larger than dust, must be used dry
Wettable Powder (WP or W) looks like dust, must be mixed with water, aggitate
Soluble Powder (SP) dissolves in water
Baits: pesticide mixed with attractant

17. Selectivity of Pesticides
A selective pesticide kills some pests and not others
Ex: kills only broadleaf plants or only grasses
Non-selectives kill many pests
Ex: Roundup kills all plants

18. Reading the Label The label is a “Legal Document”
Read and follow directions on the label
What you will find on the label:
Use Classification:
“General Use” can be applied by anyone
“Restricted Use” certified applicators or under their direct supervision

19. Reading the Label Brand Name: Roundup
Common Name: made up name for the active ingredient (not all have one)
Chemical Name: words that you can’t pronounce to identify chemicals in product
Formulation: Dry, Soluble, WP
Ingredients: must be identified by chemical and common name except inert ingredients

20. Reading the Label Signal Words: “Danger” “Warning” “Caution”
Child Hazard Statement: “Keep out of reach of children”
Statement of Practical Treatment: first aid
Reentry Statement: if applicable, time to wait before reentering field treated

21. Reading the Label
Precautionary Statements: possible hazards to humans, environment etc
Name & Address of manufacturer
EPA registration number
EPA establishment number
Net Contents

22. Reading the Label Directions for Use: Misuse statement
pests it will control (target)
where it may be applied (sites)
types of equipment to use
restrictions for protection of environment
frequency and timing of application
storage and disposal of pesticide and container

23. Who can use pesticides?
Anyone can buy & use pesticides classified for General Use
Restricted Use pesticides can only be used by Certified Applicators and employees
Private Applicators: use on your own crops
Commercial Applicators: for hire

24. Liabilities Involved Follow all directions for use on the label
Never leave pesticides where children or animals me be exposed
Never apply where rain or irrigation runoff may cause pollution
Minimize probability of drift
low wind
coolest part of day
largest practical nozzle size

25. Pesticides enter the body via:
Dermal: through the skin
Ingestion: swallowing
Inhalation: breathing

26. Liabilities Involved Check label for re-entry period
Keep records of all injuries
medical treatment
loss of consciousness
loss of work
transfer to another job
death

27. Pesticide Records What pesticide purchased application dates
name of applicator
target (pest), site (crop)
severity of infestation
equipment used
amounts of pesticide used

28. Transporting Pesticides
Pesticides must be in original packages
Vehicle must have correct warning sign
Must not be hauled in same vehicle as food
Notify DOT if someone is killed, seriously injured, or serious damage
Report spillage on a public road

29. What Pesticide to Use Identify Pest
Become familiar with many methods of control
Estimate level of infestation
Compare methods of application
Remember all hazards
Select pesticide for best control & least hazard

30. Methods of Application
Spraying: most popular method
Granular Application: on plowed soil, grass
Dusting: for dusts
Fogging: insect control
Dipping: livestock, lumber

31. Protective Clothing Coveralls or long sleeved shirt and long pants
Raincoat or liquid proof apron
Hard hat or other water proof hat
Unlined neoprene boots
Unlined neoprene gloves (above wrists)
Goggles or face shield
Respirator

32. Types of Respirators
Cartridge: chemical filter for low level pesticide concentrations
Chemical Canister: higher levels
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus: compressed air bottle

33. First Aid Immediately, notify a doctor Remove contaminated clothes
Wash skin with water and detergent
Flush eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes (low pressure)
If swallowed, check label for treatment (only induce vomiting if recommended)
Inhaled, get fresh air, lie down

34. Signs and Symptoms Mild Poisoning:
Irritation of: skin, eyes, nose & throat
Headache
Weakness
Nausea
Diarrhea
Dizziness

35. Signs and Symptoms: Moderate Poisoning
Blurred vision, difficult breathing
Poor muscle coordination, rapid pulse
Flushed skin, constriction of pupils
Stomach cramps, vomiting
Muscle twitches

36. Signs and Symptoms: Severe Poisoning
Convulsions, inability to breath
Loss of consciousness
Secretions from the mouth and nose
Possible fever
May be fatal

37. Storing Pesticides
Store in original containers is a safe, dry, locked and well ventilated place

38. Disposing of Empty Containers
After emptying containers, rinse 3 times and pour rinse water in sprayer
Dispose of container as directed

39. Group I Containers Burn in special incinerators
Burn in small numbers in the open
Bury in special landfill or singly at least 18 inches deep in open field
Exception: containers which held lead, mercury, cadmium or arsenic

40. Group II Containers Containers won’t burn Crush and bury as in Group I
Deliver to scrap metal dealer
If reusable, rinse and return to supplier

41. Group III Containers
Held mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic or inorganic pesticides
Rinse tree times
Bury in sanitary landfill