1. Unit 3 – A Turbulent Time

2. Names and Terms to Know Charles I Parliament Oliver Cromwell Puritans
Restoration
Glorious Revolution
Enlightenment
Age of Reason

3. Look at the timeline on page 422…
Identify the key political events of the age.
What trend in publishing characterizes the era?

4. Historical Background
Charles I and Parliament – frequently clashed over money, he dissolved it and didn’t call them into session for 11 years
Had issues with religious due to trying to get them to conform
Civil War – Cromwell defeated the royalist army and took Charles as prisoner, he was beheaded
New government was known as the English Commonwealth he was named Lord Protector and was a virtual dictator

5. When Cromwell died Charles II was crown
He promoted composers and painters
James II was his successor was a devout Catholic
Parliament invited his Protestant daughter Mary to rule with her husband William of Orange
James escaped to France and this was known as the Glorious Revolution because no blood was shed
Bill of Rights – limited constitutional monarchy
Conservatives, aristocratic Tories and the merchant class Whigs

6. The beginning of the Industrial Revolution
Steam engine, loom – economic revolution increased Britain's wealth
The Enlightenment – through reason and observation of nature, human beings could discover the order underlying all things
Sir Isaac Newton
Mills and factories and poor working conditions were prevalent

7. Literature of the Period
Jonson – strove for perfection and harmony in the classical authors
Donne – Metaphysical poetry (unusual degree of intellectualism) new, witty, cerebral style
Puritan Writers – John Milton – Calvinist educated in Greek and Latin, studied the Old Testament, epic Paradise Lost
John Bunyan The Pilgrim’s Progress an allegory

8. Dryden – From 1660 to 1700 (Restoration) poet laurate focused on the achievements of humanity
Restoration Theater – noted for comedies
Alexander Pope – neoclassical style, exhibiting wit, elegance, and moderation The Rape of Lock
Jonathon Swift – Gulliver’s Travels critical of the merchant class
Other authors = Defoe, Addison, Steele, and Johnson
1800s will be an age of the language of everyday life, realistic