1. U.S. History-The Roaring Twenties Unit: 1920-1929

2. Presidents During the Roaring Twenties Warren G. Harding 1921-1923 Calvin Coolidge 1923-1929 Herbert Hoover 1929- 1933

3. Boom Times  U.S. emerged from WWI as an economic giant  President Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge supported Big Businesses which stimulated the economy  But controversy swirled throughout the decade Review WWI videoReview U.S. and WWI video

5. A Return to Normalcy A Return to Normalcy  Newly elected President 1920- Warren G. Harding called for America to return back to the way of life before the war  Kellogg-Briand Pact - involved 64 nations, almost all in the world, to renounce war and reduce weapons Was no way to enforce Pact Was no way to enforce Pact

6. Isolationism  Warren G. Harding and many other Americans wanted America to become politically isolated from the rest of the world’s problems  U.S. would keep this policy until WWII.

7. Consumer Goods become all the Rage Consumer Goods become all the Rage  Americans began to purchase large amounts of consumer goods, mostly on credit- Installment Plans Washing machines Washing machines Washing machines Washing machines Radios Radios Vacuum cleaners Vacuum cleaners Refrigerators Refrigerators

8. Red Scare  Fear of Communism spreading into America following WWI  Communists used a symbolic red flag in revolution and wanted worldwide revolution To overthrow capitalism To overthrow capitalism Abolition free enterprise and private property Abolition free enterprise and private property  Americans who joined Communist Party in America were called “Reds”

9. Red Scare  Attorney General-A. Mitchell Palmer attempted to remove the threat of communism Attorney General-A. Mitchell Palmer Attorney General-A. Mitchell Palmer  Never really found conspiracy of communist revolt although 70,000 Americans joined Communists Party

10. Labor Troubles  Membership in labor unions decline in 20’s Much of work force were immigrants who were willing to work in poor conditions for little pay Much of work force were immigrants who were willing to work in poor conditions for little pay Immigrants spoke many different languages so it was hard to organize Immigrants spoke many different languages so it was hard to organize Many unions excluded African Americans who were making up a larger number in the work force Many unions excluded African Americans who were making up a larger number in the work force

11. Teapot Dome Scandal  Oil scandal that occurred while Warren G. Harding was president. Warren G. HardingWarren G. Harding  Harding’s Secretary of Interior, Albert Fall, leased government land to oil companies and kept money  After President Harding’s death Calvin Coolidge “Silent Cal” Continues Government support of Big Business Calvin Coolidge “Silent Cal”Calvin Coolidge “Silent Cal” Albert Fall, 1 st Cabinet member to go to prison

13. Sacco and Vanzetti Sacco and Vanzetti  Two Italian immigrants who were accused of murder and robbery and were executed. Little evidence.  Showed example of intolerance of foreigners and new immigrants during the period  Emergency Quota Act-1921 Established the maximum number of people who could enter the U.S. Established the maximum number of people who could enter the U.S.  National Origins Act-1929 Restricted immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe Restricted immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe Said nothing about immigration from Western Hemisphere Said nothing about immigration from Western Hemisphere Immigration from Latin America began to increase Immigration from Latin America began to increase  *Both attempted to limit Immigration into the U.S. during the Era Vanzetti (left) Sacco (right)

14. Rebirth of the KKK Rebirth of the KKK  Hatred of immigrants was on the rise after WWI, also hated Jews, Blacks, Catholics, and others. -Everyone except white protestants from America  KKK was first formed after Civil War (1860’s) Klan march in Washington D.C.-1928

15. Back to Africa Movement  Led by Marcus Garvey Promoted black pride in their culture and encourage black owned businesses Promoted black pride in their culture and encourage black owned businesses Garvey embezzled money from his followers, never goes back to Africa himself, goes to prison. Garvey embezzled money from his followers, never goes back to Africa himself, goes to prison.

16. The Scopes Trial The Scopes Trial  Also called the Monkey Trial, was over the right to teach evolution  Fundamentalism vs. Modernism  Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan  Rise of the ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union). John T. Scopes Clarence Darrow (left) William Jennings Bryan (right)

18. 18 th Amendment and Prohibition  18 th Amendment was ratified in 1920 Made alcohol illegal Made alcohol illegal Was extremely difficult to enforce-like drugs today Was extremely difficult to enforce-like drugs today Led to increased crime and the rise of powerful crime rings Led to increased crime and the rise of powerful crime rings Volstead Act -enforced prohibition Volstead Act -enforced prohibition

20. The Beginning of Gangsters The Beginning of Gangsters  Organized crime and gangsters like Al Capone made a tremendous amount of money off the illegal selling and transporting of alcohol Al Capone Al Capone  Led to Speakeasies- illegal bars  Alcohol becomes legal again in 1933 with the 21 st Amendment Capone’s jail cell

21. Valentines Day Massacre-1929- Capone ordered hit

22. 8 Changes in Society that occurred in the 1920’s  1.The rise of the Automobile 1.The rise of the Automobile 1.The rise of the Automobile  Ways it changed America Society became quicker Society became quicker Paved roads, stop signs, garages, gas stations, motels, shopping centers Paved roads, stop signs, garages, gas stations, motels, shopping centers Increase in other industries such as rubber, glass, steel, etc Increase in other industries such as rubber, glass, steel, etc People moved away from cities, rise in suburbs, term is Urban Sprawl People moved away from cities, rise in suburbs, term is Urban Sprawl Henry Ford and assembly line lowered the price of cars and made them affordable for average Americans Henry Ford and assembly line lowered the price of cars and made them affordable for average Americans View Invention of the bumper Video

23. 2. Flappers 2. Flappers  Symbolized the revolution in morals and manners.  Flappers were women who drank, smoked, cursed, cut their hair short, wore shorter skirts, danced, etc.

26. 3. The Jazz Age The Jazz AgeThe Jazz Age  Music that became popular during the 1920’s. Performed by Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington and others. Performed by Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington and others. Cotton Club -popular jazz club in Harlem- whites only Cotton Club -popular jazz club in Harlem- whites only Bessie Smith-famous blues singer Bessie Smith-famous blues singer

27. 4. Professional Sports/Leisure Pastimes Professional Sports/Leisure PastimesProfessional Sports/Leisure Pastimes  Considered the Golden Age of Sports Became very popular since people had money and time to go to sporting events Became very popular since people had money and time to go to sporting events Some sports heroes of the era Some sports heroes of the era Babe Ruth -baseballBabe Ruth -baseballBabe Ruth Babe Ruth Red Grange-footballRed Grange-football Jack Dempsey-boxingJack Dempsey-boxing Gertrude Ederle - Swimmer-1 st woman to swim English ChannelGertrude Ederle - Swimmer-1 st woman to swim English ChannelGertrude Ederle Gertrude Ederle Babe Ruth homerun in 1927 World Series Jack Dempsey and wife Red Grange-The Galloping Ghost Dance Marathon Daredevil on rooftop video 1929 video of A’s and Cubs World Series 1929 Football footage

28. 5. Charles Lindbergh and The Spirit of St. Louis Charles Lindbergh and The Spirit of St. LouisCharles Lindbergh and The Spirit of St. Louis  Flew the first non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean from NY to Paris, and became a huge American Hero

29. 6. The Lost Generation  A group of artist and writers that were disillusioned with society and disgusted with materialism and WWI  All Quiet on the Western Front -best example of Lost Generation All Quiet on the Western Front All Quiet on the Western Front  Ernest Hemmingway  F. Scott Fitzgerald Hemmingway Fitzgerald

30. 7. Radio and Movies Radio and MoviesRadio and Movies  Radio and especially movies were extremely popular First radio stations were in the 1920’s First radio stations were in the 1920’s Silent films had been around for some time but first talking movie (talkies) The Jazz Singer -1927 Silent films had been around for some time but first talking movie (talkies) The Jazz Singer -1927 Houdini

31. 8. Harlem Renaissance  A rebirth of art and literature in the black community.  Center of this was Harlem, NY.  Blacks began to take pride in their own culture and history Langston Hughes-writer

32. The End of the Decade The End of the Decade  By the end of 1920’s signs were pointing to a massive catastrophe ahead.  Stock Market Crashes on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929.  This leads to the Great Depression. View video quiz clip