1. “Defensive Driving Training”

3. BUT ! Improving PDO’s Road Safety Performance over the years:
Road Traffic Accidents per Million Km driven
Improving
RTA’s / Million Km
BUT !

4. Dead 8 0 10 1998 1999 2000 Millions km driven 149 116 118
Millions km driven
Road Accidents
Rollovers
Dead
2001: Dead (2 on unauthorized journey)

5. The driver The other road users The roads and the environment
Accidents are caused by threats created by
(In order of importance):
The driver
The other road users
The roads and the environment
The transport operation
The vehicle and its load/passengers

6. Accidents are caused by threats created by:
The transport system
Other Road
Users
The Driver
Roads &
Environment
Vehicle & Load
Accidents are caused by threats created by:

7. Road Safety Threats: The driver
Driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, maneuvers)
Driver lack of competence (skill/knowledge)
Driver fatigue
Driver mental stress
Driver physical fitness
Driver poor vision
Driver disoriented (brain cramp)
Driver alcohol/drugs/medicine

8. Road Safety Controls: The driver
DDC: Defensive Driving Course for our drivers
H+M Road Safety Road Show
IVMS/DMS strategy: improving driver behavior
Awareness campaigns
Triads ( “Phone, Drive & Die”), LTI-Packs, Slide-shows, Video’s
RSMT coaching: 3 teams
Rules for driving (HSE-Stds Manual)
Journey Management reviewed

9. Road Safety Threats: The other road users
Driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, maneuvers)
Driver lack of competence
Driver fatigue
Driver loss of concentration (stress, alcohol, distracted, etc.)
Driver physical fitness
Driver poor vision
Animals (camels, goats, donkeys)
Behavior of pedestrians

10. Road Safety Controls: The other road users
GCC Road Safety Week Campaign (17-24/March) PDO+ Shell/BP/Al-Maha stations
“Formulating National Road Safety Plan” workshop: April
Interior awareness campaigns: Wiliyats, LLCs
DDC: Defensive Driving Course for our drivers

11. Changing driving environment: Oman and PDO
More vehicles in Oman:
1980: Veh 400 Fatalities
1990: Veh Fatalities
2000: Veh Fatalities
More blacktop in PDO (and Oman):
1990: 60 km Blacktop (Fahud - Yibal)
2000: 500 km Blacktop All centres accessible by blacktop (except: Lekhwair)

12. Road Safety 2000/01: 40% of LTI’s, 90% of Fatalities
2000/01 RTA’s with fatalities:
1) Pedestrian hit by LC B-Top #
2) OTW canter hits truck B-Top #
3) Veritas diesel-tanker down jebel B-Top #
4) Damac rollover B-Top #
5) Head-on Canter/LC at 200 km/hr (2 dead) B-Top #
6) Rollover MCC (Heart-Attack?) Graded
7) Pedestrian hit at Al Khuwair B-Top #
8) Head-on LC/Truck (2 dead) B-Top #
9) Unauthorized Eid Journey (2 dead) B-Top #
10) T-junction: Truck hits pick-up (2 dead) B-Top #
11) Head-on Patrol/Truck B-Top #
#: Defensive Driving/Behavior could have made the difference

13. RTA analysis: problem areas Better Defensive Driving skills / Behavior
Played role in acc no:
Young inexperienced drivers 3x
Other road users 5x
Defensive driving x
Blacktop instead of graded road 10x
Better Defensive Driving skills / Behavior
awareness could have mitigated these incidents

14. OLD PDO Driver Training:
Coast:
Only for young drivers (below 25 yrs): 8 hrs defensive driving
Others: None
No medical checks (vision/reactions)
Interior:
8 hrs “Interior Driver Skills” course every 3 years
No medical testing (vision/reactions)
Strong emphasis on “graded/off road”
Problems:
Does not address the changed environment
Too infrequent
Concentrates on “skills” rather than “behaviour/attitude”
No/very little competence assurance

15. Driver Competence Assurance Redesign: timing
Data collection phase, options review Sept/00
Workshop with NSC + Tr Inst’s reps Oct/00
Complete new concept + implications Nov/00
Director endorsement framework Nov & March
Courses detailed design Jan-April
Stakeholder consultation /March
Train the trainers (NTI/OTI/TATI) May-June
Modify training contracts April-June
Implement new program /July

16. Defensive Driving Course (DDC) development:
Defensive Driving Modules:
Base design as per NSC (National Safety Council, International SC)
Heavily emphasise behaviour/attitude change of driver
Teach Defensive Driving techniques
“Omanise” with major input from OTI/NTI/TATI
Accreditation of training providers by NSC
3 days “Train the Trainers” and accreditation by NSC
Why NSC?
Common “standard” by all training providers
External accreditation of Local Companies by recognised body
Non-commercial entity: low cost material and updates
Internationally recognised as one of the leaders in Defensive Driving
Since 1963: 45 million people trained

17. Principles Behind New Programme:
Shift emphasis to defensive driving techniques
Incorporate attitude and behavioural aspects
Harness strengths of existing courses and combine with expertise from international organisation
Ensure courses meet needs of entire target audience
Build in robust and consistent practical assessment

18. DEFENSIVE DRIVING COURSE:
AIM OF THE
DEFENSIVE DRIVING COURSE:
To minimise death, injury and damage resulting from Road Traffic Incidents

19. Basic Starting program:
2 Day DDC : one off (no renewal)
1/2 Day Graded/Off-Road: one off (no renewal) Assessment/Refresher program:
Yearly Professional Assessment Drive (1 to 1) Only for those that have attended the DDC
Failed assessment: go back to DDC
For future review:
Option of “Supervisory Assessment”: Q1/2002
Refresher for DDC (after 3 yrs ??): Q1/2003

20. Driver Competence Assurance Framework
DDC Light Vehicle Blacktop Roads
2 days (one off)
DDC Heavy Vehicle Blacktop Roads
2 days (one off)
Bus 1/2 day (one off)
Graded 1/2 day (one off)
Tanker 1/2 day (one off) +
Yearly: Professional Assessment Drive Test on knowledge of PDO-Rules

21. Defensive Driving Course Structure
Day 1 (class room)
Module:
Hearts and Minds
Driver Condition
Common Driving Errors
The Driving Environment
See and Survive
Vehicle Control
The Driving Plan
Vehicle Safety Systems
Day 2 (class/road)
Module:
Before You Drive
Demonstration Drive
Seat Belt Convincer
Tutored Driving Practice
Practical Assessment
Driver Commitment (includes written/oral test)

22. Classroom Instruction

23. Vision testing

24. Vehicle Check

25. Roll-over simulator

26. Demonstration-drive by instructor
Tutored drive Assessment drive

27. Defensive Driving Course Practical Assessment:
In car checks
Observation / scanning / use of mirrors
Hazard awareness
Speed and Distance
Information (given/taken)
Junctions
Stopped in traffic
Positioning
Braking
Gear
Acceleration
Leaves way out

28. Estimated number of drivers PDO and Contractors:
Light Blacktop 10,000 Heavy Goods 2,700
Light Grd/Off-Road 7,000 Buses
Tankers

29. WWW site with all details on DDC:
Username: pdohse01
Password: contrator01