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“Where’s Water?” Unit: Surface Water Rivers, Lakes, and Ponds
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River Systems The streams and smaller rivers that feed into a main river are called tributaries Tributaries flow downward toward the main river, pulled by the force of gravity A river and all its tributaries together make up a river system
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River Features Headwaters Tributaries Flood plain Oxbow lake Meander Mouth Delta Estuary
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River Features The many small streams that come together at the source (beginning) of a river are called its headwaters The steep slope of the land causes the river to flow quickly
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River Features Meanders Meanders-looping curves in a river Meanders can curve back on themselves. The river may then cut a new, straight course, eventually leaving an oxbow lake
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Horseshoe Bend of the Colorado River near Page, AZ
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Ox Bow lake on Mississippi
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River Features The broad, flat valley through which a river flows is its flood plain
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River Features The mouth of a river is where the river flows into another body of water A delta is created when the river slows down and deposits the sediment it was carrying
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Delta Formation DEPOSITON OF MATERIAL BY THE RIVER WHEN IT ENTERS THE SEA DEPOSITON OF MATERIAL BY THE RIVER WHEN IT ENTERS THE SEA
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Mississippi Delta from Space MISSISSIPPI
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Watersheds The land area that supplies water to a river system is called a watershed Watersheds are sometimes known as drainage basins We live in the Delaware River Watershed
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Divides A ridge of land that separates one watershed from another is called a divide Mountains are an example of a divide
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Divides
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Estuaries An estuary is a coastal inlet or bay where fresh water from rivers mix with salty ocean water
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Surface Water Part II: Ponds and Lakes
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Ponds Ponds are freshwater Ponds are shallow Ponds form when water collects in low-lying areas of land Plants grow at the bottom of ponds
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Lakes Lakes are freshwater Lakes are deep Lakes form when water collects in low-lying areas of land Plants do not grow at the bottom of deep lakes Lake Baikal, Russia
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Lake Formation Lakes can be formed by natural processes or human efforts: 1. Volcanic lakes 2. Glacier- made lakes 3. Human- made lakes A lake that stores water for human use is called a reservoir
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Volcanic Lake
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Glacier-Made Lakes
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Human-Made Lakes
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Lakes Can Change Seasonal changes- water temperature at different depths changes during the year Lake turnover-nutrients mix Nutrients-substances such as nitrogen and phosphorous that plants and algae grow
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Lakes Can Change Long-term changes Eutrophication-Algae and scum forms on the surface of the water becomes so thick that it blocks out sunlight and plants cannot carry out photosynthesis Death of a body of fresh water
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Eutrophication
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Eutrophication
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Ponds and Lakes SAME Freshwater Still, standing water Form when water collects in hollows and low-lying areas of land DIFFERENT Lakes are deeper Plants don’t grow at the bottom of deep lakes Sunlight cannot reach the bottom of a deep lake and photosynthesis cannot occur
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Crater Lake and Lake Nyos Links http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/sto ries/august/21/newsid_3380000/3380803.st m http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/sto ries/august/21/newsid_3380000/3380803.st m
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