1. Filtered Permeability: Giving the Advantage to the Bike Steve Melia

2. Manual for Streets (DfT, 2007) 4.2.3 Street networks should, in general, be connected…or ‘permeable’

3. Manual for Streets (DfT, 2007) Why?

4. Manual for Streets (DfT, 2007) 4.2.3 Connected or ‘permeable’ networks…lead to a more even spread of motor traffic throughout the area… …more traffic (and more CO 2 ) from any given road capacity

5. Manual for Streets (DfT, 2007) 4.2.3 Connected or ‘permeable’ networks encourage walking and cycling…. Is this claim justified?

6. Freiburg – 26% of trips by car

7. Through routes 30 Km/h Homezones/ Calmed Pedestrianised Industrial Frieburg: Channelling Through Traffic

8. Freiburg Cycle Network

9. Vauban, Reiselfeld: Culs de Sac

10. Why do some people think that permeable networks for cars promote walking and cycling?

11. Sacramento, California ‘Traditional’ ‘Suburban’ From: Handy, Cao & Monkhtarian (2005)

12. Sacramento, California ‘Traditional’ ‘Suburban’ From: Handy, Cao & Monkhtarian (2005) 18% more car miles, on average “RAW” DIFFERENCE

13. ‘Traditional’ ‘Suburban’ Different people, Different circumstances

14. ‘Traditional’ ‘Suburban’ So does the grid layout actually make any difference?

15. ‘Traditional’ ‘Suburban’ Some studies: no Others: yes – but small

16. Surrey – Regression Results: From: Hickman & Banister (UTSG, 2008) Socio-economic: 28% Land Use: 9%

17. Permeable Grids: Make it easier to walk/cycle… But also make it easier to drive

18. Filtered Permeability Maximises permeability for bikes, buses, pedestrians Restricts it for cars

19. Groningen – 60% of trips by bicycle

20. ‘coarse grain’ network of roads for cars

21. Groningen – ‘coarse grain’ network of roads for cars Groningen – ‘fine grain’ network for cycling

22. Groningen Cycle Path (& pavement)

23. Groningen – Cycle Bridge From City Centre

24. Groningen – Bus gate with cycle bypass

25. Zwolle: Cycle Tunnel with separate pavement

26. NEW CROW GUIDELINES (2007)

27. Manual for Streets (DfT, 2007) 4.2.4 Pedestrians and cyclists should generally be accommodated on streets rather than routes segregated from motor traffic...

28. Manual for Streets (DfT, 2007) Note the get-out clause… 4.2.4 Pedestrians and cyclists should generally be accommodated on streets rather than routes segregated from motor traffic...

29. Cycle Infrastructure Design Consultation Draft (DfT, 2007) 1.3.2 cycle and pedestrian networks need to be more permeable than is usually possible or desirable for motor traffic. To achieve this local cycle networks might include quiet residential roads, paths alongside rivers and canals, disused railways, and sometimes conversion of existing footways…

30. Ecotowns Transport Worksheet Filtered Permeability: “…separating the sustainable modes from private motor traffic in order to give them an advantage in terms of speed, distance and convenience”

31. Refer to Ecotowns Worksheet (& European guidance) Challenge the Conventional Wisdom on Permeability and Segregation And… For UK Cycle Planners:

32. Give the advantage to the Bike! Articles in: Town & Country Planning Local Transport Today Cycle Magazine On: www.stevemelia.co.uk