1. Participants of WWI Try to identify the seven major European powers which will engage in World War I.
Triple Entente (The Allies)
Triple Alliance (Central Powers)

2. Participants of WWI Try to identify the seven major European powers which will engage in World War I.
Triple Entente (The Allies)
Triple Alliance (Central Powers)
Britain, France, and Russia (1914)
Italy (1915)
United States (1917)
Russia out (1918)
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (1914)
Turkey
Bulgaria

3. The Alliance System: A Search for Security

4. Otto von Bismarck ( )
Sought protection for his new German Empire
Upset balance of Europegreat wealth, military, and industrial power
Used a series of alliances to alienate France
Problems: 1)based on Bismarck’s ability to control the balance; 2)other nations began to seek alliances to oppose German Empire

5. The Alliance System: Search for Security
Treaty of Frankfurt, 1871—
Ended Franco-PrussianWar
Recognized William I as Emporer
Est. Trade
Regulated French troop withdrawal
League of Three Emperors, 1873–
Unstable alliance between the monarchs of Russia,Austria-Hungary, and Germany
Made by Bismarck to bring back the Holy Alliance of 1815 and to fight against radicals

6. The Alliance System: Search for Security
Secret Austro-German Alliance, 1879
Also known as Dual Alliance
Pact between Austria-Hungary and German Empire
Wanted to protect each from Russia or other aggressors
Prevent isolation of Germany/ preserve peace

7. Alliance of Three Emperors, 1881—
- October 22, Bismarck negotiated an agreement with League of Three Emperors
(Tsar Alexander II, Emperor Franz Joseph I, and Kaiser Wilhelm I)
- sought to resurrect the Holy Alliance of 1815

8. The Alliance System: Search for Security
Triple Alliance, 1882—
Military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy Lasted from 1882 until start of WWI
Reinsurance Treaty, 1887—
Secret agreement between Germany &Russia that said each side would remain neutral if the other became involved in a war with a third great power, unless Germany attacked France or Russia attacked Austria

9. “Dropping the Pilot” Kaiser Wilhelm II dismissed Bismarck in 1890
Wilhelm II felt Bismarck challenged his power
Wilhelm did not trust Bismarck’s alliance with Russia
Bismarck’s alliance system that skillfully isolated France will shatter under Wilhelm II
William II(Germany) massive economic and military build-upturned Britain away
Pursued the goal of “glory” for Germany

10. Forging the Triple Entente (1890-1907)
Wilhelm failed to renew its Reinsurance Treaty with Russia
France aligned with Russia to protect against Germany—Dual Entente
1904—Entente Cordial—aligned Britain and France
Settlement over Africa: NW to France and NE to Britain
1907—Anglo-Entente--Britain and Russia align

11. Alliance System
Triple Alliance (Central Powers)Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Triple Entente(Allied Powers)France, Great Britain, and Russia

12. “Dropping the Pilot”
Using the political cartoon and knowledge of events surrounding the dismissal of Otto von Bismarck, answer the following questions:
What role in the world did Bismarck envision for the new Germany after 1871?
How successful was he in carrying out his vision? Explain
Summarize the ramifications of the dismissal of Bismarck by Wilhelm II in 1890

13. Emergence of German Empire
Otto von Bismarck—Three Emperor’s League (1873)—Germany, Russia, Austria
Renewed in 1881 w/ newly formed Austria-Hungary
Secret Austro-German Alliance (1879)
Directed against any Russian aggression

14. Triple Alliance (1882)—Germany, Austria, and Italy
Directed against French aggression
End of Bismarck (1890)—allied with Russia, Italy, Austria, and good terms with Britain

15. DQ: Germany
How is the rise of Germany to European supremacy a true “Cinderella” story?