1. Medieval and Renaissance Music

2. Peasant Male, Peasant Female, Noble-Woman,
Life in the Middle Ages
Peasant Male, Peasant Female, Noble-Woman,
Nobleman, Monk, Nun

3. Life in the Middle Ages: Homes
Most homes were damp, cold, and dark
Windows were very small to allow only small amounts of light
Prevents theft as well
Most homes only had one or two rooms

4. Life in the Middle Ages: Homes
Wealthy homes were generally larger and highly decorated with blankets and throws.
Includes many colors

5. Life in the Middle Ages: Government
Small communities were ruled by a King or a Lord.

6. Life in the Middle Ages Exploration Religion and Education Time of War
Art
and
Literature

7. Time of War Crusades: The crusades lasted from the 11th to 13th
centuries. It was a religious war between the
European Christians and the Middle Eastern
Moslems. The Europeans eventually failed
to win what they termed the “Holy Lands.”
Feudalism: A system of hierarchy during the Middle
Ages. The king lent land to noblemen. In
return, the noblemen supplied knights for
battle. The knights, servants, and peasants
gave loyalty to the lords.

8. Traveled to the “New World.”
Exploration
Marco Polo
Traveled from Europe
to China and back. He
opened up trade with China
for silk, spices, and new ideas.
Christopher Columbus
1492
Traveled to the “New World.”

9. Churches and Universities
Early, the church was the center for learning.
Priests, monks, and nuns were among
the only people who could read.
Later, universities were founded. They taught
religion, law, medicine, and the arts.
Notre Dame Cathedral

10. Arts and Literature
Leonardo da Vinci
Michalangelo
Raphael

11. Arts and Literature Chaucer wrote the famous Canterbury Tales.
William Shakespeare wrote famous works like Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet.

12. Medieval Composers Leonin 1150’s - 1201?
He was choirmaster of the Cathedral
of Notre Dame in the 1100’s.
He composed important choral works
for the entire church year.
Magnus Liber - Alleluya

13. Medieval Composers Perotin He was a choirmaster at the Cathedral?
He was a choirmaster at the Cathedral
of Notre Dame in the 1100’s.
He held the position of choirmaster
After Leonin.
He is credited with inventing the motet.
Viderunt omnes

14. Medieval Composers Hildegard Von Bingen Ordo Virtutum
She was elected a Magistra by her fellow
nuns in 1136.
She founded monasteries, wrote theological,
botanical and medicinal texts, as well as
letters, liturgical songs, and poems.
Ordo Virtutum
She wrote over 100 letters, 70 poems,
and 9 books. She composed 72 songs.

15. Medieval Composers Guillaume de Machaut Messe de Notre Dame 1305-1377
He was a French composer who worked
at the age of twenty for a warrior king.
He traveled much of his life around Europe,
accompanying the king to military battles.
At the time of his death, he was considered
One of the most important religious leaders
Of his time. In fact, he composed one
of the oldest surviving masses written
in four parts.
Messe de Notre Dame
He is best-known for his secular music.

16. Merchants and professionals began to gather wealth.
The word Renaissance means “rebirth.”
Merchants and professionals began to gather wealth.
With their leisure time, they began to broaden their interests beyond church music and art. This resulted in the “rebirth” of interest in the values of Greek and Roman cultures.

17. Music c. 500 - 1600 Sacred: Music composed for the church.
Gregorian Chant / Plainchant
Polyphony
Motet
Canon / Round
Secular: Non-church (popular) music
Music of the troubadours
Music of the jongleurs

18. Sacred Music Gregorian Chant Also known as Plainchant.
Named after Pope Gregory I
Very simple songs.
A single line melody
No accompaniment
Sung by men’s choirs or soloists
No instruments
Sung in Latin
Music and rhythm were simple. Almost
as if the the singer was speaking the words.

19. Sacred Music Polyphony: Musicians began singing different parts
instead of everyone singing the same notes.
Motet: A short religious piece that might have plainchant
for one line, a love song in another part and a
hymn for a third. The different parts can even
be sung in different languages.
Canon: Singers perform the same music but come in
at different times.

20. Secular Music Troubadour: Members of nobility, many were knights. They
composed musical poems about courtly love
knightly adventures, and chivalry but often left
the performance of their works to less
aristocratic musicians.
Jongleur: Working musicians. They wandered from town
to town. They sang, played instruments,
danced, juggled, and performed magic tricks.

21. Medieval and Renaissance Instruments
Recorder
Lute
Crumhorn

22. Medieval and Renaissance Instruments
Sackbut
Serpent
Viol

23. Renaissance Music Changes in the Renaissance Period…
Composers began writing both sacred and secular
music.
Kings and lords began employing court musicians.
Books began to be printed. By 1476, books of music
began being printed. Anyone who could read them could
now play the music.
Because of the improvements to instruments,
composers began writing music for instruments only.

24. Renaissance Music New popular form of music…
Madrigals: vocal works about great emotions such as
love and despair. Madrigals were usually unaccompanied vocal works with four or
five parts.
Music of the Renaissance began using chordal harmony.
It began sounding more like the music of today.

25. Renaissance Composers
Josquin des Prez
A French composer who began his career as a
singer in a cathedral when he was 19 years old.
He was considered one of the best composers
of the time.
Remind the students that this last page of their packet is the same as before, write the person’s name, the dates that they lived and the song title.
He composed music that used chords
and harmonies that made it sound more
like the music of today.
Ave Maria

26. Renaissance Composers
Giovanni da Palestrina
An Italian composer who spent his
entire career in Rome, working for
The Catholic Church.
He is considered one of the great
masters of the Renaissance style.
He composed 104 masses, 373 motets,
And many religious madrigals. He also
Composed almost 100 secular madrigals.
Motet Hodie Christus Natus Est

27. Renaissance Composers
Thomas Morley
He was an English composer.
He composed many madrigals
about love and nature.
Hark Alleluia

28. Renaissance Composers
William Byrd
1539/
He was an English composer of the late
Renaissance.
He is considered to be one of the great masters
Of the Renaissance. Some consider him
The greatest English composer of all time.
He worked in the Royal Chapel
of Queen Elizabeth.
Cantiones Sacrae

29. History of Music Notation
600’s - Church worried that music would be lost
because there was no method of music
notation.
Accent Marks ( / \ ^ )
They were the first form of notation.
They told the singer that the music went
up or down. They were meant to help
the musician remember the melody but
they did not give exact information.
The singer needed to know the music first.
Neumes
They were marks at particular heights
over the words of the song. They told the
singer which pitch to sing. However, they were not
written on a staff so they did not give exact pitch.
Students will need the new page to fill out the remainder of the notes.

30. History of Music Notation
Guido d’Arezzo
He was an Italian monk and music teacher.
He invented the music staff, which showed the specific
pitches of notes.
He created the symbols for flats and natural notes.

31. History of Music Notation
By 1200’s
Everyone began using the 5 line staff.
By about 1400
The modern system of note and rest
lengths became standard.
1500’s
Barlines, time signatures, and tempo
marks and sharps were created.
By 1750
Notation was fully developed.