1. Cody Reardon Human Behavior
Memory
Cody Reardon
Human Behavior

2. What is Memory and why is it Important?
Memory- is the process by which we recollect prior experiences, information, and skills learned in the past.
We classify memory by knowledge, skills, and events.

3. Episodic Memory
The first type of memory is Episodic (or memory of a specific event that took place in the person’s presence)
Some memories are so surprising and significant to us that is as if a flashbulb went off. Flashbulb memory is something that can be remembered in great detail.
Examples?

4. Generic Memory
Generic Memory (memory that is general knowledge that people remember) is less specific in the where and when.
Who was the first president?
When did you learn that?

5. Procedural Memory
The third kind of memory Procedural Memory (consists of skills or procedures you may have learned)
What are some of these skills you can remember off hand?
How and when did you learn them?

6. Three Processes of Memory
1. Encoding (the translation of information into a form in which it can be stored) is a way for people to individualize how they place their memories in their memory bank.
Visual Codes (See the letters in your mind as a picture)
Acoustic Codes (read and repeat out loud or silently)
Semantic Codes (relating to meaning)

7. Three Process of Memory
2. Storage (the maintenance of encoded information over a period of time)
Maintenance Rehearsal- Repeating information over and over
Elaborative Rehearsal- relating new information to information already known
Organizational Systems- Memories you organize in your mind for future use (chronological)

8. Three Processes of Memory
3. Retrieval- locating stored information and returning it to conscious thought
Context dependent memory- The memories that come back to you in a certain place
State Dependent memory- Memories that are retrieved because of the mood you are in.
Tip of the tongue phenomenon- When we come close to retrieving information but the process in incomplete

9. Three Stages of Memory
Sensory Memory- The First Stage of memory that consists of immediate, initial recordings of information through our senses
Iconic Memory- like snapshots are extremely brief, photographic memories that last a fraction of a second
Eidetic imagery- or what most of us refer to as photographic memories

10. Three Stages of Memory
Short Term Memory- also known as working memory where info will remain in your sensory register where it can be held briefly
Primacy Effect- Remembering the first few items in a group
Recency Effect- Remembering the last few items in a group

11. Short Term Memory (contd.)
Chunking- Grouping items into small manageable units
Interference- When new information appears in short term memory and takes the place of what is already there.

12. Three Stages of Memory
Long Term Memory- the third and final stage of memory where you want to remember something more than just briefly.
The capacity of our memory is limited by how much we pay attention
Memory is Reconstructive and can be seen differently based of the experience
Schemas- Mental representations that we form of the world by organizing bits of information into knowledge

13. Forgetting and Memory Improvement
Basic Memory Tasks
Recognition- identifying objects or events that have been encountered before.
Recall- When you try to bring something back to mind and reconstruct the event or object
Relearning- When we do not remember things that have already been taught to us, but are able to pick back up a skill very quickly

14. Different Kinds of Forgetting
1. Repression- Some memories may be so painful or unpleasant that they make us feel anxiety, guilt, or shame.
What kinds of actions may people want to forget.

15. Different Kinds of Forgetting
Amnesia- severe memory loss caused by brain injury, shock, fatigue, ill, or repression
Infantile Amnesia- cannot remember things before the age of three
Anterograde Amnesia- memory loss forming from trauma that prevents a person from forming new memories
Retrograde Amnesia- forgetting the events leading up to a traumatic event.

16. Improving Memory
Drill and Practice-repetition and practice seems to be the most basic way to improve memory
Relate to things you already know
Form unusual associations
Construct links
Use Mnemonic Devices-HOMES