1. Chapter 22 Dental Care Health Care Science Technology Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2. Chapter 22 2 The Dental Assistant Job Responsibilities – Expose and process radiographs (X rays). – Provide clients with instructions on oral care following treatments. – Teach clients how to brush and floss properly. – Make impressions of clients’ teeth for study models.

3. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 3 The Dental Assistant (cont.) Job Responsibilities (cont.) – Assist the dentist in a variety of treatment procedures. – Perform office management tasks.

4. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 4 The Dental Laboratory Technician Works independently to create dental prostheses, replacements for natural teeth, and dental appliances. Uses a variety of materials to fabricate: – Full or partial dentures. – Artificial crowns and bridges. – Veneers. – Orthodontic appliances and splints.

5. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 5 The Dental Hygienist Assesses and charts oral conditions and reviews the client’s health and dental history. Exposes and processes dental radiographs (X rays). Instructs clients in oral hygiene techniques. Provides nutritional counseling in relation to dental health. Removes plaque. Applies preventive materials such as fluoride and sealants to the teeth.

6. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 6 The Dentist Diagnoses and treats diseases of the teeth and their supporting tissues, the tongue, lips, and jaws. Restores teeth damaged by decay or trauma. Replaces missing teeth with artificial materials.

7. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 7 The Dentist (cont.) Carries out cosmetic procedures to improve a client’s appearance. Performs corrective surgery on the jaws and supporting tissues. Straightens teeth. Performs oral hygiene procedures and provides instructions to clients.

8. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 8 Basic Dental Anatomy The Primary Teeth consist of 20 teeth arranged in two U-shaped patterns. – There are 10 teeth in the maxillary arch and 10 in the mandibular arch.

9. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 9 Basic Dental Anatomy (cont.) The Permanent Teeth – replace the primary teeth between the ages of 6 and 12. – Are also known as the permanent dentition and consist of 32 teeth. – All have erupted by the age of 14, except the third molars.

10. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 10 Tooth Divisions – The 2 main parts of the tooth are the root and the crown. – The apex is the end of the root furthest from the crown. – The cervical line is formed by the junction of the crown and the root. Basic Dental Anatomy (cont.)

11. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 11 Tooth Tissues – A tooth is made up of 4 tissues: Enamel. Cementum. Dentin. Pulp. Basic Dental Anatomy (cont.)

12. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 12 Adjacent Tissues – Gingiva is a soft tissue that surrounds the neck of the tooth. – The space between the free gingiva and the tooth is known as the gingival sulcus. Basic Dental Anatomy (cont.)

13. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 13 Types of Teeth – Incisors. – Canines. – Premolars. – Molars. Basic Dental Anatomy (cont.) Can you identify the type in each picture? Click for answers. A. C. D. B.

14. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 14 A. Premolars B. Molars C. Canines D. Incisors Types of Teeth Answers Click to return. A. C. D. B.

15. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 15 Tooth Numbering Systems The Universal System – used commonly in the United States. – Each permanent tooth is numbered from 1 to 32. – Deciduous teeth are lettered from A to T.

16. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 16 Tooth Numbering Systems (cont.) Palmer’s System – used in some orthodontic and pediatric practices. – Permanent teeth are numbered from 1 to 8, according to quadrants. – Deciduous teeth are lettered from A to E, according to quadrants.

17. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 17 Dental Anesthesia Local Anesthesia – injected near the nerves, blocking the conduction of nervous impulses to the central nervous system. Topical Anesthesia – applied to the surface or mucosa to minimize the discomfort of the needle used for local anesthesia.

18. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 18 Impressions and Models Models are positive reproductions or 3-dimensional duplicates of a client’s teeth and surrounding tissues. They are used for study and diagnosis of orthodontic and prosthodontic cases. The first step in making a model is to take an impression of the teeth and surrounding tissues.

19. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 19 Impressions and Models (cont.) Impression Materials – The two classifications of the most commonly used impression materials are: Alginate – an irreversible hydrocolloid. Elastomeric materials, including polysulfide or rubber-base materials, silicone, and polyether.

20. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 20 Impressions and Models (cont.) Alginate – Water is mixed with a powder, then inserted into a perforated impression tray and placed in the mouth.

21. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 21 Impressions and Models (cont.) Electromeric Materials – Used for very precise procedures, such as fabricating crowns, bridges, and dentures. – Available in both light-bodied and heavy-bodied forms.

22. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 22 22 Amalgam and Resin Restorative Materials Cavity preparation and placement of a restorative material are processes that remove disease and restore tooth health, function, and appearance. Amalgam and composite material are the two most commonly used materials for direct restoration of cavities.