1. Changes in American Life 1880-1914 Chapter 21, Section 1
Cities Grow & Change
Changes in American Life
Chapter 21, Section 1

3. Essential Questions
How did industrialization change life in the cities?
What factors attributed to bad living conditions for the poor?
How did political machines influence city life positively and negatively?
Who is responsible for helping those who can’t help themselves?

4. Growth of American Cities
Industries Set Up Their Factories in Cities
Cities Offered Good Transportation & Plenty of Workers
Urbanization – The Growth of Cities

6. Growth of the Cities
Millions of People Migrated (Moved) to American Cities
Millions of Immigrants Came for Jobs!
Many Struggling Farmers Moved to Cities for Jobs

7. Technology Helps Cities to Grow
Skyscrapers:
Helped Millions of People to Live in Cites
Bessemer Steel Process Made it Cheaper to Make Steel (7x Cheaper!)
Steel Was Used to Build Skyscrapers!
Very Sturdy! (9/11)
Buildings Could Now Be Built Higher & Hold More People

9. Technology Helps Cities to Grow
Laying on the Couch, Honk – Honk
Elevators (1889) Otis Elevator Company Created the 1st Elevator
All Buildings Used to be Built NO Higher Than 4 Floors
WTC Had 110 Floors

10. Streetcars/Subways Streetcars Improved Transportation in Cities:
People Use to Walk & Or Ride Horses/Wagons
How Long Would It Take to Walk From the East to the West Side of NYC?
Richmond, Virginia Was the 1st City Ever to Have Streetcars!
Chicago Built Subways Above Ground (The “EL”) & NYC Built Subways Underground

11. Streetcars Expand Cities
Streetcars/Subways/ Trains Allowed for Cities to Expand
People Could Live Farther & Farther Away from Cities
Suburbs Emerged:
Valhalla
More People Commuted to the Cities for Work & Entertainment

12. Tenements Tenements Were Overcrowded Apartments (Run-Down)
Millions of People Moved into Cities to Find Jobs!
Workers Earned Less Than $10 a Week:
Not Enough $$$ to Pay For Rent!
Moved in with Other Families in Tenements!

13. Dangerous Living Conditions!
Tenements Were Extremely Dangerous to Live In:
Old Buildings
Landlord Neglect
Poor Design
Little Government Control
Led to Poor Living Conditions!

14. The “Dumbell” Tenement

15. Poor Conditions of Tenements
Major Problems Living in Tenements:
Overcrowded (Families Shared Apartments)
No Garbage Pick Up
Dumped Garbage into Narrow Alleys
No Fresh Air
No Running Water
Sewage Flowed in Open Gutters (Spread Disease)

20. Lewis Hine (Photographer)
Lewis Hine was a Photographer Who Took Pictures of Tenements
Why Did He Publish His Pictures in Newspapers?

22. Slums Neighborhoods Full of Tenements & Poverty
Most Notorious Slum was the Lower East Side of Manhattan
Irony Today?

23. The Social Gospel Movement
A Movement For Improving the Lives of the Urban Poor
Started by Protestant Churches
2 Major Goals:
End Child Labor
Open Up Settlement Houses for the Poor

24. Settlement Houses
Settlement Houses Helped the Poor Improve Their Lives:
Provided Daycare
Allowed Parents to Work
Provided Education
Taught English Classes to Immigrants
Offered Health Care to the Poor
Most Famous Settlement House was the Hull House

25. Jane Addams Jane Addams is the Founder of the HULL HOUSE!
Dedicated Her Life to Helping the Poor
The Hull House is the Most Famous Settlement House
Founded in Chicago, 1889

26. The Hull House

27. Political Machines
Political Machines are Organizations (Usually Corrupt) that Influence Enough Votes to Control a Local Government
Exchanged Favors for Votes
Political Machine Role Play!

28. Political Machines (+/-’s)
Positives (+’s):
Built City Parks
Built Sewer Systems
Built Schools
Built Roads
Built Orphanages
Helped Immigrants Get Jobs
Helped Immigrants Find Housing
Negatives (-’s)
Gained Votes by Trading for Favors
Broke Rules to Win Elections
Stole $$$
Accepted & Gave Bribes

29. Tammany Hall Most Notorious Political Machine of All Time!
You Must Know William Marcy “Boss” Tweed
Stole $$$ Millions of Dollars from NYC!

31. Tammany Hall

32. Jane Addams Also Fought For Women’s Rights as Workers (Equal Pay)
Fought Against Child Labor
Worked to Improve Housing Laws & Public Health Laws
Was Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931

33. Essential Questions
How did industrialization change life in the cities?
What factors attributed to bad living conditions for the poor?
How did political machines influence city life positively and negatively?
Who is responsible for helping those who can’t help themselves?