1. Test review chapter 13

2. Wounded Knee
The end of the wars between the federal government and the plains Indians happened at the battle of Wounded Knee.
least 150 men, women, and children of the Lakota Sioux had been killed and 51 wounded (4 men, 47 women and children, some of whom died later); some estimates placed the number of dead at 300. Twenty-five troopers also died, and 39 were wounded (6 of the wounded would also die). It is believed that many were the victims of friendly fire, as the shooting took place at close range in chaotic conditions

3. Sand Creek Massacre
The Sand Creek Massacre occurs in 1864, a group of friendly Cheyenne are killed most are women and children. This leads to the Treaty of Ft. Laramie, the death of Sitting Bull and the massacre at wounded knee.

4. Plains Indians
Extended family was important to them, horses and buffalo.
They were not concerned with land ownership

5. Exodusters
Former slaves from the south who settled on the great plains

6. Homestead Act
In reality most of the free land offered to the settlers was scooped up by people looking to make a profit ( speculators), not to the settlers themselves.

7. The railroad
The railroad was most responsible for bringing an end to the era of the wide open frontier.
Things began to build up around the railroad, thus leaving no land untouched.

8. Bimetallism
Plains farmers tended to support bimetallism in the 1800’s because it would have put more money in circulation .

9. Things that led to the debt of farmers
Inflation
Falling prices
A tight money supply

10. Collapse of Populism
Collapse of populism is marked by the election of William McKinley ( he was republican who supported the gold standard)

11. terms Dawes Act Assimilation Chisholm trail Homestead Act Soddy
Morrill Act
Oliver Hudson Kelley
Bimetallism
William Jennings Bryan

12. topics
What were some of the hardships farmers faced in the mid-to late 19th century?
Why is “frontier” a good description of the great plains region during a period in which cattle ranchers and farmers settled there? Think about: people that lived there, quality of life there and how it compared to other places.