1. Patients are different too compassionate healthcare communication using the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

2. The Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) The MBTI is a widely used model of personality that builds self-awareness and an appreciation of important differences between people, demonstrating how different types can work together in a complementary way.

3. Our Community of Practice The aim of our MBTI Community of Practice is provide the NHS in Kent, Surrey and Sussex with in-house expertise in the MBTI. Our skilled practitioners use the MBTI with individuals, groups and teams. They offer the best value for money together with the benefit of NHS insight and experience, when compared to external MBTI consultants.

4. What experience is in the room? Experience of the MBTI? Direct patient contact? Been/are a patient or carer?

5. Key messages  It is important to recognize, understand and value different styles of communication.  If we can understand and value different approaches we may unlock qualities in both ourselves and the other person which will allow us to work more effectively together  Within the health care setting communication is fundamental to good care and good team work

6. Dissatisfaction and complaints often relate more to what was said (or the way it was said) than what was done

7. Do unto others as you would have them do to you The Golden Rule

8. But  Often how you want others to treat you is very different from how your colleagues, friends, family and patients want to be treated  People are different and patients are different too

9. The revised rule Do unto others as they would want done to them “Compassion (in nursing) involves focusing on another person’s needs and channeling the emotion generated into an active response” (Davison & Williams, 2009)

10. Exercise Reflect for a few moments on your own experience as a patient, preferably one good experience and one less good. It may help to make some notes. Taking the good experience first, consider:  What struck you as particularly positive about this exchange? Turning to the less good experience:  What was it you found difficult about this exchange?

11. Our assumptions  People prefer to communicate in different ways  Most people have a preferred style of communication  It is easier to communicate with some people than it is with others  A system exists which provides a simple framework for understanding these differences

12. The three stages of ‘flex care’ 1.Identifying your own preferred styles of communication 2.Tuning in to the other person’s current communication needs 3.Adjusting (or ‘flexing’) your approach, if necessary, to match those needs

13. Knowing you An awareness of your own preferred behaviour makes it easier for you to understand your own part in the communication

14. Basic assumptions of type theory  The MBTI questionnaire assesses preferences  Preferences are not absolutes: everyone uses all eight  Preferences are not abilities: MBTI does not tell you what you can and can’t do  There are no better types; all types have potential  People are the best judges of their own best fit type - hence the MBTI is an Indicator not a test

15. Everyday communication  We all use all the preferences in everyday communication – we just differ by order and emphasis – this is what we call personality preference

16. or Extraversion Sensing Thinking Judging Introversion iNtuition Feeling Perceiving THE MBTI PREFERENCES Where you prefer to get and focus your ‘energy’ or attention What kind of information you prefer to gather and trust What process you prefer to use in coming to decisions How you prefer to deal with the world around you, your ‘lifestyle’

17. Extraversion and Introversion – behaviour cues Talk it out  Rapid speech  Appears to ‘think aloud’  Interrupts  Louder volume of voice Think it through  Pauses while giving information  Quieter voice volume  Shorter sentences – not run on

18. Sensing and iNtuition – behaviour cues Specifics  Asks for step-by-step information or instruction  Asks, “what”, “how” questions  Uses precise descriptions  Shows interest in factual details Big Picture  Asks for current and long- range implications  Asks “why” questions  Talks in general terms  Wants multiple options

19. Thinking and Feeling – behaviour cues Logical Implications  Appears to be “testing you” or your knowledge  Weighs the objective evidence  Not impressed that others have decided in favour  Conversations follow a pattern of logic – “if this, then that” Impact on People  Strives for harmony in interaction  May talk about what they value  Asks how others acted/resolved the situation  Matters to them whether others have been taken into account

20. Thinking – logical implications When I visit the doctor, I want to know she really understands my case, is experienced and knowledgeable about it. I don’t want her to humour me, just give me information about my problem and what can be done about it. I want to be treated as an intelligent adult and that means being told the truth

21. Feeling – impact on people I prefer it if the doctor knows about me and my case and shows an interest in me personally. I want to know about my condition and how other people have reacted to the proposed treatment. I prefer a kindly approach, sometimes I feel hurt by blunt comments.

22. Judging and Perceiving behaviour cues Joy of Closure  Consistently early or on time for appointments  Impatient with overly long descriptions or procedures. The tone is “let’s get it done”.  May even decide prematurely  Uses “ed” words: “looked, compared, evaluated” Joy of Perceiving  May be late for appointments or forget the time during an appointment  Seems to want “space” to make own decisions  Feels put off by closing a conversation before they’re ready  Generally won’t decide until the last moment  Uses “ing” words; “looking, comparing, exploring”

23. EXERCISE  In your good and less good examples, can you identify any behaviour cues exhibited by the practitioner? Do they match your own preferences? If they didn’t match how did this affect your interaction?  Discuss with your neighbour

24. FLEX TALK A FOCUS ON HOW OTHERS COMMUNICATE  This is important because – Effective communication requires that we tune in to other people – There are two important parts to our work: 1.The WHAT - the skills/knowledge/experience we bring to interactions 2.The HOW – the way in which we interact and communicate – Communication is increasingly important Services and expectations are developing ever faster and often have to be discussed in the context of financial and time constraints. As the WHAT becomes more complex, the HOW becomes more important

25. MODE NOT TYPE  It is impractical for us to ‘type’ with everyone we meet  Type is simply a preference, we may not always be ‘in type’ – If we assume that because we know someone’s type we will always experience them in the same way, we could be misled  We are looking for a type ‘mode’; what that person needs at a certain moment

26. Stages of Interacting 1.Initiating the interaction2.Investigating needs 3.Suggesting a course of action 4. Obtaining agreement & closing

27. STAGESPREFERENCES Initiating E – Talk it outI – Think it through Investigating and Suggesting ST – facts with Practicality NF – support their vision SF – personal service NT – logical options Next steps or closing J – joy of closureP – joy of processing The four-part FLEX framework

28. Our Health Care Communications Using Personality Type Programme  Provides an in-depth understanding of your personality type and preferred communication style  Teaches ways in which you can learn to FLEX your approach to match the needs of patients  Provides help in using this framework at work to improve communications and provide better outcomes for patients (and less stress for you and your teams)

29. EXERCISE TO TAKE AWAY Consider now what your own preferences might be and how they might affect your communication with the patients (or colleagues) with whom you are working. Is there any connection between your needs as a patient and the way you tend to give information to your patients?