1. Agenda

2. Review
How did the impact of European imperialism on China differ from its impact on Russia and the Ottoman Empire?

3. Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

4. Essential learning: Africa, India, and the New British Empire (1750-1870)

5. Objectives
Describe how different African leaders and peoples interacted with each other and how European nations’ relationship to African peoples changed during this period.

6. Essential Questions
How did different African leaders and peoples interact with each other and how did European nations’ relationship to Africa? peoples change during this period.

7. Map 26.1: Africa in the Nineteenth Century.
Expanding trade drew much of Africa into global networks, but foreign colonies in 1870 were largely confined to Algeria and southern Africa. Growing trade, Islamic reform movements, and other internal forces created important new states throughout the continent.
Map 26-1, p. 689

8. Target: Changes and Exchanges in Africa
Before 1870 – changed politically and expanded foreign trade.
New African States
Clusters in sub-Sahara

9. Shaka Zulu (r. 1818-1828) Zulu kingdom expanded by aggression.
Lesotho and Swaziland states created to resist.

10. Zulu in Battle Dress, 1838.
Elaborate costumes helped impress opponents with the Zulus’ strength. Shown here are long-handled spears and thick leather shields.
p. 686

11. Islamic reform movement created another cluster in West African savannas.
Hausa states.
Sokoto Caliphate ( )

12. Modernization in Egypt and Ethiopia
Ismail (r )
European advisers, revenues, and exports.
Railroad and canal system.
Debts led to partial occupation by France and Britain.

13. Ethiopia 1840s –purchased modern weapons, created strong armies.
Emperor Tewodros II (r ) – local weapons manufacturing.
Yohannes IV (r ) – most highland regions under imperial rule.

14. Europeans in Africa France’s conquest of Algeria.
French failure to repay grain debt for Napoleon’s 1798 invasion of Egypt led to disputes.
French attacked Algeria in 1830 and won.

15. Adventurous explorers traveled to Inner Africa.
Assess mineral wealth, convert Africans to Christianity.
Traced course of rivers.

16. Abolition and Legitimate Trade
Increased trade between West Africa and Europe.
Great Britain and the US made importing slaves from Africa illegal.
Transatlantic slave trade ended in 1867.

17. Cloth, metals, etc. in exchange for slaves.
Expanded “legitimate” trade.
Altered social structure of coastal trading communities.

18. Spread of Western cultural influences in West Africa.
Sierra Leone – Christian missionaries.
1821 – free black Americans founded Republic of Liberia.
Free blacks from Brazil and Cuba brought Roman Catholicism, architecture, clothing.

19. Secondary Empires in Eastern Africa
Slavers moved to eastern Africa.
Ivory caravans under direction of African and Arab merchants.
Europeans supplied weapons, major consumers of ivory and cloves.
“Secondary empires.”

20. Essential Questions
How did different African leaders and peoples interact with each other and how did European nations’ relationship to Africa? peoples change during this period.

21. Agenda

22. Review
How did different African leaders and peoples interact with each other and how did European nations’ relationship to Africa? peoples change during this period.

23. Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

24. Essential learning: Africa, India, and the New British Empire (1750-1870)

25. Objectives
Describe how Britain secured its hold on India, and the colonial policies that led to the beginnings of Indian nationalism.

26. Essential Questions
How did Britain secure its hold on India, and what colonial policies led to the beginnings of Indian nationalism?

27. Map 26.2: India, 1707–1805.
As Mughal power weakened during the eighteenth century, other Indian states and the East India Company expanded their territories.
Map 26-2, p. 693

28. Target: India Under British Rule
– nearly all of India under British rule.
Company Men
Mid 1700s – Maratha Confederation.
Nawabs.

29. British, Dutch, and French companies eager to expand trade into India in the 18th century.
“Company men” established trading posts.
Trained sepoys (Indian troops) to protect warehouses.

30. 1691 – British East India Company (EIC) established fortified outpost at Calcutta.
“Black Hole of Calcutta” (1756)

31. Raj and Rebellion (1818-1857) India on a British model.
EIC’s main goal – powerful gov’t backed by military.
Christian missionaries.

32. Private property.
Bolstered “traditions.”
Economic reform created new jobs, but drove many Indians out of handicraft textile industry.

33. Sepoy Rebellion (1857)
1856 law required new recruits to serve overseas.
High caste Hindus objected

34. 1857 – Cartridges of Enfield rifles greased with animal fat.
Rebellion in May 1857.
Muslim sepoys, peasants, discontented elites.
Not yet a nationalist revolution.
Little sense of a common national identity.

35. Political Reform and Industrial Impact
– New centralized gov’t, rapid economic growth, new national consciousness.
1858 – end of Mughal and Company rule.
1858 – equal protection of law and freedom of religion and social customs.

36. Powerful and efficient bureaucracy controlled India.
Members of the elite Indian Civil Service (ICS) held senior administrative and judicial posts.

37. Delhi Durbar, January 1, 1903.
The parade of Indian princes on ornately decorated elephants and accompanied by retainers fostered their sense of belonging to the vast empire of India that British rule had created.
p. 698

38. Harbors, cities, irrigation canals, tea plantations.
Exported cotton fiber, tea, silk, sugar.
Imported manufactured goods from Britain.
Women struggled.

39. New technologies Steamboats, canals.
Beginning in the 1840s – railroad boom.

40. Indian Railroad Station, 1866.
British India built the largest network of railroads in Asia. People of every social class traveled by train.
Fig. 26-CO, p. 684

41. Indian nationalism
Many intellectuals turned to Western secular values and nationalism.
Educated middle class angered by the obstacles to advancement.

42. Indian National Congress in 1885.
Wanted larger role for Indians in the Civil Service and reductions in military spending.
Most were upper-caste, Western-educated.
Needed mass support.

43. Essential Questions
How did Britain secure its hold on India, and what colonial policies led to the beginnings of Indian nationalism?

44. Agenda

45. Review
How did Britain secure its hold on India, and what colonial policies led to the beginnings of Indian nationalism?

46. Unit 5: Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900)

47. Essential learning: Land Empires in the Age of Imperialism (1800-1870)

48. Objectives
Evaluate the role the abolition of slavery and the continued growth of British overseas trade played in the immigration to the Caribbean and elsewhere of peoples from Africa, India, and Asia.

49. Essential Questions
What role did the abolition of slavery and the continued growth of British overseas trade play in the immigration to the Caribbean and elsewhere of peoples from Africa, India, and Asia?

50. Map 26.3: European Possessions in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific, 1870.
By 1870 the British controlled much of India, were settling Australia and New Zealand, and possessed important trading enclaves throughout the region.
Map 26-3, p. 702

51. Target: Britain’s Eastern Empire
Colonies and Commerce
Britain took over Dutch possessions overseas in 1795.
– Cape Colony, Malacca, and Ceylon.
Dutch Guiana and Trinidad.

52. Cape Colony – supply station for voyages between Britain and India.
Descendants of Dutch and French settlers on farms and ranches in the hinterland.
“Afrikaners”
Alienated by British decision to prohibit their expansion.
Great Trek ( )

53. Singapore – center of trade and shipping between the Indian Ocean and China.
Burma

54. Imperial Policies and Shipping
Goal of most British imperial expansion – trade.
Most of the new colonies – ports or centers of production and distribution.

55. Lands provided raw materials in return for manufactured goods.
Clipper ships.

56. Colonization of Australia and New Zealand
British settlers displaced the indigenous populations.
Australia
Portuguese mariners had sighted (early 1600s).
James Cook explored ( ).
Expanding shipping networks brought visitors and settlers.

57. Hunting-and-gathering people. Isolation – vulnerable to diseases.
First permanent British settlers – convicts (1788).
Slight contact with the indigenous (“Aborigines”)
1851 discovery of gold brought hastened their end.

58. New Zealand
Maori hunted, fished, practiced simple forms of agriculture.
Seal pelts, whaling.
Brief gold rush attracted more British immigrants after 1860.

59. Britain encouraged the settlers in Australia and New Zealand to become self-governing.

60. New Labor Migrations
– thousands of Indians, Chinese, and Africans went overseas to work, especially on sugar plantations.
Asians and Pacific islanders after 1870.
In part, linked to abolition.
Recruitment of laborers.
Larger, faster ships.
Spread of disease.

61. Indentured labor trade reflected unequal commercial and industrial power of the West
But those who signed contracts were trying to improve their lives by emigrating.

62. Essential Questions
What role did the abolition of slavery and the continued growth of British overseas trade play in the immigration to the Caribbean and elsewhere of peoples from Africa, India, and Asia?