1. Driver Recert 2012 Topics
Update on Fire Hose Friction Loss Coefficients
Fire Flow Through Long LDH Supply Lines
Rural Water Supply Flow Rates
Booster Tank Fill Rate Data
Engine Deck Gun Flow Rate Data
Tower Monitor Flow Rate Data
Rescue 351 Topics
Other Stuff in General

2. Fire Hose Friction Loss Calculation Changes Are On the Way
Fire Protection Research Foundation  (supports the NFPA)
Project: “Developing Friction Loss Coefficients For Modern Fire Hose”
Start: Jun Expected Completion: Fall 2011 
Summary: Current baseline friction loss coefficients used to calculate fire hose pressure loss were derived using 50 year-old hose design technology. Modern fire hose has substantially less friction loss and different performance characteristics than the hose on which these coefficients were originally based. Calculating pressure loss in modern fire hose cannot be done with reasonable accuracy using currently recognized friction loss coefficients. Pressures that are calculated with these current coefficients are typically higher than those which occur in practice In some cases this could result in elevated and potentially dangerous nozzle pressures.
Research Objective: This project will develop baseline friction loss coefficients for the types of fire hose commonly used by today’s fire service, and identify any additional performance characteristics that should be considered for friction loss calculations.
Affected NFPA Documents: This project directly addresses a topic specifically covered by NFPA 1961, Standard on Fire Hose (2007 edition). The friction loss characteristics of fire hose are an important consideration in the selection of fire hose but are not currently included in NFPA The next revision of this standard will address the friction loss characteristics to include updated values for the friction loss coefficients for modern fire hose.

3. Overall objective of research project was to develop friction loss char of modern fire hose and use new FL data to support the revision of the FL coefficients
Current FL coefs based on old hose mfg technology are considered to be outdated and overly conservative
Tests conducted at 3 different test sites from Oct 2010 thru Sep 2011, final report was issued in Apr 2012
Six hose manufacturers participated in tests: Key, Angus-UTC, All American/Snap-tite, Mercedes, and North American
Test results indicated that the majority of the FL coefs for today’s fire hose fall significantly below current values
Conclusion: A fairly large degree of variability was observed in the test data. A more thorough statistical analysis is necessary for identifying statistically significant trends. Additional testing may be required to support the analysis.

4. Friction Loss Coefficients
Friction Loss Formula: FL = C(Q/100)2(L/100)
FL Coefficients (C) Currently Used by the BAVFC:
For 3” hose, we normally use C = 1.0 for FL calculations in the field
For 4” LDH, we take 1/5 of the FL for 3”; C = 1/5 = 0.2
For 5” LDH, we take 1/15 of the FL for 3”; C = 1/15 = 0.07
We don’t calculate FL for the 1-3/4” handlines, EP = 150 psi
Current Standard FL Coefficients:
1-3/4” hose: C = 15.5
3” hose: C = 0.8
4” LDH: C = 0.2
5” LDH: C = 0.08
FL Coefficients for New Hose Based on Mfgs Estimates:
1-3/4” hose: C = 8.0 (Ponn Conquest Hose)
3” hose: C = 0.4
4” LDH: C = (1/11)
5” LDH: C = (1/30) (Key Fire Hose)

5. Example of Reduced Friction Loss in Modern Fire Hose
Recent rural water supply test conducted in Rincon, GA to support ISO
Determined how much water flow can be provided through a very long 5” LDH supply line
Several engines laid a 6,000 ft. 5” supply line
What is the maximum water flow (GPM) that can realistically be supplied through this supply line?

6. Hydrant Static Pressure Hydrant Residual Pressure
Booster Tank Fill Rate Test
Hydrant Location
Hydrant Static Pressure
Hydrant Residual Pressure
Pump Intake Valve Used
Pump In Gear
Tank Fill Rate
Enterprise Ct.
(Box 313)
45 psi
35 psi
2-1/2” Aux NO
215 GPM
20 psi
YES
375 GPM
2-1/2” DTF -
Selvin Dr. (Box 321)
90 psi
70 psi
300 GPM
575 GPM
KEY COMPARISON:
Filling the tank with 3” line into the Direct Tank Fill intake at 100 psi intake pressure takes about 1 min 15 sec for a fill rate of 600 GPM
Filling the tank using the regular Tank Fill valve with pump discharge pressure at 100 psi takes about 2 min for a fill rate of 375 GPM

7. Deck Gun Flow Test – E313 Intake Pressure (Master Gauge)
Discharge Pressure (Master Gauge)
Deck Gun Gauge Pressure
Deck Gun Pressure
(Gauge on Gun)
Nozzle Pressure (Pitot Gauge)
Nozzle Size (Smoothbore)
Deck Gun Flow
(Table Reading)
Deck Gun Flowmeter
40 psi
85 psi
68 psi
75 psi
56 psi
1-1/2”
500 GPM
580 GPM
35 psi
100 psi
72 psi
60 psi
1-3/4”
700 GPM
750 GPM
30 psi
110 psi
80 psi
800 GPM
120 psi
90 psi
78 psi
820 GPM
28 psi
130 psi
88 psi
850 GPM
880 GPM
22 psi
145 psi
115 psi
98 psi
900 GPM
950 GPM
12 psi
170 psi
135 psi
1000 GPM
1110 GPM

8. Deck Gun Flow Test – E314 Intake Pressure (Master Gauge)
Discharge Pressure (Master Gauge)
Deck Gun Gauge Pressure
Deck Gun Pressure
(Gauge on Gun)
Nozzle Pressure (Pitot Gauge)
Nozzle Size (Smoothbore)
Deck Gun Flow
(Table Reading)
Deck Gun Flowmeter
80 psi
110 psi
88 psi
Inoperative
64 psi
1-3/4”
727 GPM
Very High, Inaccurate Readings
128 psi
100 psi
813 GPM
78 psi
125 psi
86 psi
843 GPM
75 psi
150 psi
98 psi
900 GPM
72 psi
182 psi
120 psi
1000 GPM
70 psi
140 psi 2”
994 GPM
68 psi
160 psi
1063 GPM

9. Engine Pressure (Master Discharge Gauge)
Deck Gun Flow – Smoothbore Nozzles
Engine Pressure (Master Discharge Gauge)
Deck Gun Flow
(Smoothbore Nozzles)
85 psi
500 GPM
90 psi
600 GPM
100 psi
700 GPM
125 psi
800 GPM
145 psi
900 GPM
160 psi
1000 GPM

10. Q smooth = F x D2 C = Q2smooth Pinline - Ppitot Q auto =
DETERMINING FLOW WITH PRE-PIPED MONITORS
The simplest procedure to determine flow with automatic nozzles is with a flow meter. If a flow meter is unavailable, then the flow may be estimated using pressure loss data between the nozzle and an in-line pressure gauge at the pump or considerably upstream from the nozzle. Data is taken with a smooth bore nozzle and handheld pitot gauge. Note: Equations assume no substantial change in elevation between in-line pressure gauge and nozzle.
Step1: Determine flow of smooth bore nozzle.
Flow water with a smooth bore nozzle and record the nozzle’s size, pitot pressure and in-line pressure gauge reading. The smooth bore nozzle’s flow is calculated from the Freeman formula:
Where:
F = for English units (GPM, INCHES, PSI)
Q smooth = F x D2
  Q smooth = flow in GPM
D = exit diameter in INCHES
Step 2: Find pressure loss constant.
Using the results from step 1, use the following equation to calculate the pressure loss constant between the in-line pressure gauge and the nozzle:
C = piping pressure loss constant in GPM2/PSI
Pinline = in-line pressure gauge reading in PSI
Ppitot = pitot pressure in PSI
Step 3: Calculate flow with automatic nozzle.
Using the pressure loss constant from step 2 and the following equation, the flow with an automatic nozzle can be calculated for your particular installation.
Qauto = automatic nozzle flow in GPM
Pauto = nominal nozzle operating pressure in PSI
Q smooth = F x D2
C =
Q2smooth
Pinline - Ppitot
Q auto =

11. (Master Discharge Gauge)
Deck Gun Flow – TFT Auto Nozzle
Engine Pressure
(Master Discharge Gauge)
Deck Gun Flow
TFT Auto Nozzle
135 psi
400 GPM
140 psi
575 GPM
145 psi
700 GPM
150 psi
800 GPM
155 psi
900 GPM
160 psi
1000 GPM

12. Deck Gun Flow – Nozzle Comparison
TFT Automatic Nozzle
Smoothbore Nozzles
Engine Pressure (Master Discharge Gauge)
Deck Gun Flow
(TFT Auto Nozzle)
135 psi
400 GPM
140 psi
575 GPM
145 psi
700 GPM
150 psi
800 GPM
155 psi
900 GPM
160 psi
1000 GPM
Engine Pressure (Master Discharge Gauge)
Deck Gun Flow
(Smoothbore Nozzles)
85 psi
500 GPM
90 psi
600 GPM
100 psi
700 GPM
125 psi
800 GPM
145 psi
900 GPM
160 psi
1000 GPM

13. Tower Monitor Flow Rates
Single Monitor Flowing
Both Monitors Flowing
Intake Pressure (Tower Intake Valve)
Monitor Flow
(Single Monitor)
120 psi
600 GPM
135 psi
800 GPM
175 psi
1000 GPM
195 psi
1250 GPM
220 psi
1500 GPM
250 psi*
1600 GPM
Intake Pressure (Tower Intake Valve)
Monitor Flow
(Two Monitors Flowing)
105 psi
1000 GPM
140 psi
1200 GPM
185 psi
1600 GPM
200 psi
1800 GPM
250 psi*
2000 GPM
*Pressure relief valves on Tower intake valve and waterway opening

14. Tower Monitor Flow Rates
Intake Pressure
No. Monitors Flowing
600 GPM
120 psi 1
800 GPM
135 psi
1000 GPM
175 psi
105 psi 2
1250 GPM
195 psi
140 psi
1600 GPM
250 psi*
185 psi
1800 GPM
200 psi
2000 GPM
*Pressure relief valves on Tower intake valve and waterway opening

15. Chicago FD – Hydrant Heavy Water Hook-Up

16. Chicago FD – Hydrant Heavy Water Hook-Up

17. New Special Tool on Rescue 351
Modified hydraulic fitting designed to relieve the hydraulic pressure on an Amkus HRT line that had become pressure locked in the field.
This condition is caused by the charging of a hydraulic line without an HRT being hooked to the line.
Without the use of the new special tool, the pressure in the locked line could only be relieved (bled off) back at the station and not in the field.

18. New Special Tool on Rescue 351
New Special Tool Coupling
Tool Stowed in LR Compartment

19. Pressure Relieved on E314 Line
Pressure Relieved on R351 Line

20. R351 Foam System Controls

21. ????

22. Other Stuff in General What’s unique about the Siren Brake on TW331?
What’s different about the Transmission Mode control on TW331 and R351 compared to all of the other apparatus?
If you turn OFF the Auxiliary Braking Device (Jake Brake or Trans Retarder) in rainy weather, what should you also do regarding your driving?
What should a good EVD always do immediately following each run?