1. Europeans Embark on the Age of Exploration Chapter 1.4 and 1.5 Notes

2. The European Social Order Unlike Native American and African societies at the time, European life centered around the nuclear family European communities were based on social hierarchy Few individuals moved beyond the position into which they were born Merchants and artisans were one group who did experience social mobility

3. Christianity Shapes the European Outlook By the early 700s, Muslim armies had seized land throughout Asia and North Africa, including the Iberian Peninsula Spanish Christians waged the reconquista, by 1492 Spain was finally victorious The Papacy launched the Crusades Although they ultimately failed, the Crusades had three main consequences within Europe

4. Changes Come to Europe With the decline in power of the church, four major nations began to take shape Only the king or queen of a unified nation had enough power and resources to finance overseas explorations The Renaissance movement further encouraged Exploration The Reformation divided Christians all throughout Europe

5. Europe Enters a New Age of Expansion New sailing technologies made sailing further both easier and safer Under Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal developed and employed these innovations For almost 40 years, Prince Henry sent his captains farther south along the west coast of Africa Vasco de Gama finally reached India in 1498

6. Columbus Takes a Leap of Faith Columbus thought he could find a route to Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean Queen Isabella of Spain decided to finance Columbus’ trip Columbus sailed for “Gold, Land, and Religion” Spent 96 days exploring some small islands in the Bahamas and the Caribbean

7. Columbus Embarks on his Second Journey When he set sail for the Americas in September 1493, Columbus was no longer an explorer but an empire builder The Europeans set up a system of colonization Many Native Americans are taken as slaves Disease ravages the Native populations

8. Trade Begins The enslavement of Native Americans was a controversial issue among many Spaniards The Columbian Exchange was very influential on the lives of Americans, Africans, and Europeans Spain and Portugal agree on The Treaty of Tordesillas A new society is eventually born with this meeting of North American, African and European peoples and cultures that radically transformed all three worlds