1. Skeletal System, Muscular System, & The Skin

2. We are born with over 300 bones
We are born with over 300 bones. As we grow, some of these bones fuse together. As adults we have only 206 bones!

3. KidsHealth

4. Bone Facts:
Function - Your bones manufacture red blood cells and store useful minerals.
Bones are held together by muscles that allow them to move.
Some bones are joined by flexible parts called joints.
Ligaments – connective tissue which holds bone in moveable joints. (A sprain is when ligaments are stretched too far.)
The smallest bones are in your ear.
The largest bone, the femur, is found in your thigh.

6. Living Bones The bones in your body are very much alive.
Each is a living organ made of several different tissues.
Like all the other living tissues in your body, bone tissue is made of cells that take in nutrients and use energy.
Bone cells have the same needs as other body cells.

7. Functions of Your Skeletal System
The skeleton gives shape and support to your body.
Bones protect your internal organs.

8. Functions of Your Skeletal System
Major muscles are attached to bone and help them move.
Blood cells are made in the bone marrow.
Calcium and phosphorous are stored in the skeleton for later use.

11. Jaw Bone
Tail Bone

12. Skull – protects the brain.

13. Bone Structure
Bones have bumps, edges, round ends, rough spots, and many pits and holes.
Muscles and ligaments attach to some of the bumps and pits.
In your body, blood vessels and nerves enter and leave through the holes.

14. Define:
Joint
Cartilage
Ligament

15. Joint - Anyplace where two or more bones come together.
Cartilage - Slick, smooth, slippery, flexible tissue that makes movement easier .
Ligaments - A tough band of tissue that is attached to bones.

16. Cartilage – a connective tissue that is more flexible than bone.
It reduces friction that would be caused by bones rubbing together.

17. Immovable Joints
Joints are broadly classified as immovable or movable.
An immovable joint allows little or no movement.
Ex. skull and pelvis

18. Movable Joints – Describe each:
Pivot Joint
Ball and Socket Joint
Hinge Joint
Gliding Joint

19. Movable Joints
pivot joint - one bone rotates in a ring of another bone that doesn’t move.
Ex. Forearm

20. Movable Joints
ball-and-socket joint consists of a round bone fitting into a cup-like bone.
Ex. Shoulder & Hip

22. Movable Joints
hinge joint-back-and-forth movement like hinges on a door.
Ex. Knee, elbows, toes, & fingers

23. Movable Joints
gliding joint - a bone slides over another bone in a back-and-forth motion.
Ex. Wrists, ankles, and between vertebrae

24. Your rib cage is made up of 12 vertebrae, 24 ribs and a breastbone in three parts. It protects your heart and lungs from knocks and bumps.

25. Over half your bones are found in your hands and feet
Over half your bones are found in your hands and feet. There are 26 bones in each foot and 27 in each hand.
Look, Mom, no hands....no feet!!

27. Skeletal System

28. Osteoporosis – mineral loss in bones where they become weak and break easily.

29. Scoliosis
-Possible causes:
congenital spine deformities, genetic conditions, neuromuscular problems, etc.
-Over 80% of scoliosis cases, have no known cause and are found in otherwise healthy people.
Interactive

30. MRI’s soft tissue X Rays bone tissue

31. “I’m just “bigged boned”.” (??)

32. Movable Joints –
Pivot Joint - Forearm
Ball and Socket Joint – Hip / Shoulder
Hinge Joint – Fingers, elbow, knees and toes
Gliding Joint – Neck vertebra & down spine, wrist, ankle

34. Human Skeleton 9

35. KidsHealth

36. Muscles & the Facts
Goose Bumps – caused by smooth muscles, the tiniest muscles.
100 muscles in your face
17 muscles used to smile 
43 muscles to frown!!!!!

37. FACTOID
Spasm
- strong muscle contractions when enough food & oxygen aren’t available.

38. Movement of the Human Body
Muscle - an organ that can relax, contract, and provide the force to move your body parts.
What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?

39. Involuntary Muscles – muscles you can’t control consciously.
work all day long
Ex: circulatory and digestive muscles.

40. Voluntary muscles - Muscles that you are
able to control .

41. Parts of the Muscular System
Define each part of the Muscular System.
Smooth Muscles
Skeletal Muscles
Parts of the Muscular System
Cardiac Muscles
Tendons

42. Cardiac muscles Involuntary muscle that controls the heart.
Types of Muscles:
Cardiac muscles Involuntary muscle that controls the heart.
Skeletal muscles
Voluntary muscles that make us move
THEY WORK IN PAIRS. Muscles always pull. They never push.
Smooth muscles Involuntary muscles in organs and body systems.

43. the muscles that move bones muscles that work in pairs
Skeletal Muscles
the muscles that move bones
muscles that work in pairs
Tendons - Tissues that attach muscle to bones to
enable movement .
Walking bobby pin

45. Cardiac Muscle Cardiac muscle - found only in the heart.
This type of muscle contracts about 70 times per minute every day of your life.

46. Smooth Muscles Smooth muscles - found in your organs.
involuntary muscles that slowly contract and relax.
Internal organs are made of one or more layers of smooth muscle.

47. Muscular System

48. Pushing the Limits 43

49. Integumentary System (Skin)

50. What is Skin???

51. Epidermis – Upper layer of thin skin where skin cells die and flake off.
Dermis – Layer of cells below the epidermis where blood vessel and nerve endings are located.

52. List the 6 functions of the Integumentary / Skin
Your Largest Organ
Your skin is the largest organ of your body.
Much of the information you receive about your environment comes through your skin.
You can think of your skin as your largest sense organ.
List the 6 functions of the Integumentary / Skin
System.

53. Functions of Integumentary / Skin System
Covers body and prevents water loss.
Protects body from infection or injury.
Regulates body temperature.
Eliminates waste - salt and excess water.
Gathers information from environment (Touch, etc.)
Produces Vit. D to help digestive

54. Skin….Stress….Hormones…. Pimples

55. Melanin Cells in the epidermis produce the chemical melanin.
Melanin is a pigment that protects your skin and gives it color.
The different amounts of melanin produced by cells causes differences in skin color.

56. Melanin
When your skin is exposed to ultraviolet rays, melanin production increases and your skin becomes darker.
Lighter skin tones have less protection from the Sun
Such skin burns more easily and may be more susceptible to skin cancer.

58. Skin Cancer
Damaged skin cells begin to grow and divide uncontrollably.

59. Squamous Cell – another type of skin cancer.